Rare
Guides
Leptanthicus staphyliniformis
Leptanthicus staphyliniformis is a species of ant-like flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, described by Werner in 1958. The species epithet refers to its resemblance to rove beetles of the genus Staphylinus. Very few records exist for this species, with only one observation documented on iNaturalist. Members of the genus Leptanthicus are characterized by their elongate, slender body form and reduced elytra that expose multiple abdominal segments.
Leptochilus rufinodus
Leptochilus rufinodus is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species was described by Cresson in 1868. As a member of Leptochilus, it belongs to a genus characterized by small, slender mason wasps that construct mud nests. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, indicating it may be genuinely rare, geographically restricted, or underreported.
Lepturges regularis
Lepturges regularis is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1852. The species is considered very uncommonly encountered in the field and has been reared from dead branches of red buckeye (Aesculus pavia), representing a documented larval host association.
Lerodea arabus
Violet-clouded Skipper, Olive-clouded Skipper
Lerodea arabus is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, found in Central America and North America. Despite its common name suggesting violet coloration, the species is relatively nondescript in appearance. The caterpillar feeds on Bermuda grass, barnyard grass, and other weedy grasses, yet the species is consistently described as rare in reference works.
Limnocoris moapensis
moapa warm springs naucorid, Warm Springs Naucorid
Limnocoris moapensis is a rare species of creeping water bug in the family Naucoridae. It is endemic to warm spring habitats in the Moapa Valley of Nevada, USA. The species is known from very few observations and is considered vulnerable due to its restricted range and dependence on thermal spring ecosystems. It belongs to the subfamily Limnocorinae, a group specialized for life in aquatic environments.
Limonia venusta
V-marked Lady Beetle
Limonia venusta, commonly known as the V-marked Lady Beetle, is a metallic blue beetle with a distinctive orange pronotum. The subspecies Neoharmonia venusta ampla is restricted to a narrow geographic range from central Arizona to south Texas. This beetle is not commonly encountered despite its striking appearance. It was documented during field surveys in New Mexico, specifically along the Middle Fork of the Gila River.
Lintneria smithi
Smith's Sphinx
Lintneria smithi is a species of sphinx moth in the family Sphingidae, commonly known as Smith's Sphinx. It is a poorly known species with only three to four recorded locations across its restricted range in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The moth has a thick, elongated body and a wingspan of approximately 9 centimeters. Very little is known about its life history, including host plant relationships and larval development.
Lipocosma adelalis
A small crambid moth described by Kearfott in 1903, known from scattered records across the eastern United States. Adults are active during summer months and are characterized by a wingspan of approximately 11 mm. The species appears to be uncommon to rare, with limited ecological data available.
Macreurops
Macreurops is a genus of beetles in the family Monotomidae, established by Casey in 1916. The genus is monotypic, containing only the single species Macreurops longicollis. Monotomidae, commonly known as root-eating beetles, are a small family of polyphagan beetles. Information on Macreurops beyond its taxonomic status is extremely limited.
Macropogon sequoiae
Macropogon sequoiae is a species of soft-bodied plant beetle in the family Artematopodidae. It was described by Hopping in 1936. The species is known from North America. Members of this family are generally associated with vegetation and are considered rare and poorly studied.
Madoniella chiricahua
Madoniella chiricahua is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is known from the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, a region characterized by high biodiversity and endemism within the Madrean Sky Islands. The species has been documented from a single observation, indicating it is likely rare or poorly sampled. Its specific epithet refers to the Chiricahua Mountains, the type locality.
Mecomycter majeri
Mecomycter majeri is a species of beetle in the family Mauroniscidae, a small family of soft-bodied plant beetles (Cucujoidea). The species is known from a single iNaturalist observation, indicating it is either rare, poorly sampled, or has a restricted distribution. Members of Mauroniscidae are generally associated with decaying plant material and fungal habitats.
Megapurpuricenus
Megapurpuricenus is a monotypic genus of long-horned beetles in the family Cerambycidae, established by Eya in 2015. The sole described species, M. magnificus, is notable for its spectacular appearance and highly synchronized emergence pattern. Adults emerge en masse every three years for approximately two weeks following the first summer monsoon rains, creating a brief but intense reproductive window. The genus is endemic to a limited number of locations in the southwestern United States, where it develops as larvae in the trunks of living oak trees.
Megapurpuricenus magnificus
Texas Canyon Longhorn Beetle
Megapurpuricenus magnificus is a spectacular longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) known for its massive size and striking red-and-black coloration. It is the sole species in its genus and exhibits a remarkable synchronized mass emergence every three years following the first summer monsoon rains. Adults are powerful fliers that congregate high in oak canopies for a brief reproductive period lasting approximately two weeks. The species has an extremely restricted distribution, occurring only in a few canyon systems in southeastern Arizona and historically in the Huachuca Mountains.
Meghyperus
Meghyperus is a genus of small flies in the family Atelestidae, established by Loew in 1850. These flies belong to the Empidoidea superfamily, a diverse group of predatory or scavenging flies. The genus is poorly studied and appears to contain few described species. Records indicate presence in northern Europe.
Megischus arizonicus
Arizona Crown Wasp
Megischus arizonicus is a species of crown wasp in the family Stephanidae, first described by Townes. Originally known only from Arizona, USA, the species has since been documented in central Mexico, expanding its known range significantly. Like other stephanids, it is a parasitoid wasp associated with wood-boring beetle larvae. The species exhibits the characteristic elongated, crown-like structure on the head that gives the family its common name. Records remain sparse, with only a handful of observations documented in biodiversity databases.
Megischus californicus
Megischus californicus is a species of crown wasp in the family Stephanidae, an ancient lineage of parasitoid wasps characterized by their distinctive elongated, multi-segmented antennae. The genus Megischus represents one of the most primitive extant groups of Hymenoptera. This species is known from a single observation record, indicating it is either extremely rare, poorly sampled, or potentially extinct. Stephanidae are solitary parasitoids of wood-boring beetle larvae, using their long antennae to detect hosts within timber.
Melanderomyia
Melanderomyia is a genus of flat-footed flies in the family Platypezidae. The genus was established by Kessel in 1960 and contains a single described species, Melanderomyia kahli. It belongs to the subfamily Melanderomyiinae, which was erected to accommodate this distinctive genus. The genus is rarely encountered, with few observations documented.
Melanoplus davisi
Melanoplus davisi is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hebard in 1918 from the southeastern United States. It belongs to the large genus Melanoplus, which contains numerous economically and ecologically significant grasshopper species. The species appears to be relatively poorly documented in the primary grasshopper literature of the western United States, suggesting it may be of limited distribution or abundance compared to more widespread Melanoplus species.
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hopperOrangelegged-GrasshopperFinned-GrasshopperKiowa-GrasshopperPallidwinged-GrasshopperRedshanked-GrasshopperLubber-GrasshopperMormon-CricketBarber-pole-grasshopperBarren-land-grasshopperBlack-winged-grasshopperBig-headBig-headed-grasshopperBlack-males-grasshopperBoopeeBroad-banded-grasshopperBrown-spotted-range-grasshopperCrackling-forest-grasshopperCrested-keel-grasshopperDust-grasshopperElliott-grasshopperField-cricketFour-spotted-grasshopperFour-spotted-tree-cricketFusiform-camel-cricketGarden-grasshopperGreat-crested-grasshopperGreat-plains-camel-cricketGreen-fool-grasshopperGreen-streak-grasshopperHuckleberry-spur-throat-grasshopperHomesteaderKiowa-range-grasshopperLarge-headed-locustLesser-migratory-grasshopperLittle-pasture-spur-throated-grasshopperLong-winged-locustLong-winged-plains-grasshopperMarsh-meadow-locustMcNeill-campestral-grasshopperMermiria-grasshopperNarrow-winged-spur-throated-grasshopperNorthern-green-striped-locustNorthwestern-red-winged-locustP-quad-grasshopperPackard's-grasshopperPallid-winged-grasshopperPard-grasshopperPlatte-range-grasshopperPrairie-tree-cricketPictured-grasshopperPlains-lubberPronotal-range-grasshopperRed-legged-grasshopperRed-nosed-grasshopperRed-shanksRobust-camel-cricketRufous-grasshopperSage-grasshopperSand-grasshopperSay's-grasshopperSlant-faced-grasshopperSnowy-tree-cricketSpeckled-rangeland-grasshopperSpotted-bird-grasshopperSpotted-wing-grasshopperSprinkled-locustStriped-slant-faced-grasshopperThistle-grasshopperThree-banded-range-grasshopperTiny-spur-throated-grasshopperTwo-striped-grasshopperUtah-camel-cricketVelvet-striped-grasshopperWarrior-grasshopperWestern-tree-cricketWhite-cross-grasshopperWhite-whiskers-grasshopperWrangler-grasshopperWrinkled-grasshopperWyoming-toothpick-grasshopperYellowish-spur-throat-grasshoppertumbulliobesalateritiuscostaliscinereushuroniindigensmarshalliregalisapicultatanitensshastanusbarnumidiversellusverruculatasuffusarugglesinspbrunneaMelanoplus ordwayae
Trail Ridge Scrub Grasshopper, Ordway Melanoplus Grasshopper
Melanoplus ordwayae is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Deyrup in 1997. It is endemic to Florida, specifically associated with the scrub habitat of the Lake Wales Ridge region. The species is known from very few observations and is considered rare and potentially threatened by habitat loss. Its common name references the Trail Ridge, a prominent geologic feature in its range.
Melanoplus peninsularis
Melanoplus peninsularis is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hubbell in 1932. The specific epithet "peninsularis" refers to its restricted distribution on the Florida peninsula. It is a member of the large genus Melanoplus, which contains many North American grasshopper species. The species appears to be uncommon, with limited observation records.
Melanotus difficilis
Melanotus difficilis is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae. Very limited information is available for this species; only one observation has been documented on iNaturalist, indicating it is either extremely rare, poorly sampled, or potentially a taxonomic synonym. The genus Melanotus contains numerous species of wireworms and click beetles, many of which are soil-dwelling larvae that feed on plant roots.
Mellinus imperialis
Mellinus imperialis is a small digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is rarely encountered and poorly known biologically.
Mesoplia dugesi
Mesoplia dugesi is a species of bee in the family Apidae, tribe Ericrocidini. It was described by Cockerell in 1917. The species has a restricted distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico, with confirmed records from Arizona and adjacent Mexican states. As a member of the cleptoparasitic tribe Ericrocidini, it is presumed to exhibit nest parasitism behavior targeting other bee species, though specific host associations remain undocumented.
Mestobregma impexum
narrow-fronted grasshopper
Mestobregma impexum, the narrow-fronted grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America, with confirmed records from Utah. The species belongs to the genus Mestobregma, which contains at least one other species, M. plattei. Information on its biology and ecology remains limited.
Meta dolloff
Dolloff Cave Spider
Meta dolloff, commonly known as the Dolloff Cave Spider, is a rare spider species endemic to California. It belongs to the family Tetragnathidae, a group characterized by elongated bodies and long jaws. The species is considered among the rarest spiders in North America, with limited observations documented.
Metachroma angusticolle
Metachroma angusticolle is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It was described by Blake in 1973. The species has a restricted distribution in the United States, with confirmed records only from Illinois and Indiana. As a member of the genus Metachroma, it belongs to a group of leaf beetles commonly known as 'metallic wood-boring beetles' or associated with leaf feeding habits, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Metasiro sassafrasensis
mite harvestman
Metasiro sassafrasensis is a species of mite harvestman (suborder Cyphophthalmi) in the family Neogoveidae. It was described in 2014 by Clouse and Wheeler. The species is known from a single locality in Grady County, North America. Like other Cyphophthalmi, it is a small, eyeless harvestman adapted to cryptic habitats.
Metaxydytes fraternus
Metaxydytes fraternus is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It belongs to a small genus of aquatic beetles found in the Neotropical region. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only six records currently available.
Mexalictus arizonensis
Arizona mexalictus
Mexalictus arizonensis, commonly known as the Arizona mexalictus, is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae. It is a small, solitary bee endemic to the southwestern United States. The species was described by Eickwort in 1978 and is one of the few members of the genus Mexalictus, a group of bees restricted to North America. Like other halictids, it is likely a generalist pollinator, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Microchridium minutum
Microchridium minutum is a species of cuckoo wasp in the family Chrysididae. It is among the smallest members of the family, with the genus name reflecting its diminutive size. Like other chrysidids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid or kleptoparasite, though specific host associations remain undocumented. The species is known from extremely limited material, with only a single observation recorded in iNaturalist.
Microedus fenderi
Microedus fenderi is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Omaliinae. It was described by Hatch in 1957 and is known from limited collection records in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Like other members of the Omaliinae, it is a small beetle associated with forest floor habitats. Very little is known about its biology or ecology due to its rarity and the difficulty of sampling small staphylinid beetles.
Microhexura idahoana
Microhexura idahoana is a mygalomorph spider described in 1945 from Idaho. It is one of only two species in the genus Microhexura, and the sole member of the family Microhexuridae. The species is known from a limited number of observations in the western United States.
Micromastus
Micromastus is a genus of true weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by John Lawrence LeConte in 1876. The genus contains a single described species, M. gracilis. Little is known about its biology or ecology due to its rarity and limited documentation. The genus is recognized as valid and accepted in major taxonomic databases.
Microparsus tephrosiae
Microparsus tephrosiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Smith in 1948. The genus Microparsus is small and poorly documented, with few species records. Observations of this species are extremely rare, with only two records in iNaturalist. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini, which includes many aphids associated with specific host plants.
Microscapha
Microscapha is a genus of small beetles in the family Melandryidae, commonly known as false darkling beetles. These beetles are characterized by their compact body form and association with decaying wood and fungal habitats. The genus is relatively obscure with few documented observations, reflecting either genuine rarity or under-sampling of their specialized microhabitats. Microscapha species are part of the diverse stenostirate beetle fauna that inhabits forest ecosystems.
Morsea kaibabensis
kaibab monkey grasshopper
Morsea kaibabensis is a species of monkey grasshopper in the family Eumastacidae, endemic to the Kaibab Plateau region of northern Arizona. The species was described by Rehn and Grant in 1958 and is one of few documented members of its genus. Monkey grasshoppers in this family are characterized by their distinctive body proportions and reduced wing development compared to typical grasshoppers.
Mymarommatidae
False Fairy Wasps
Mymarommatidae, known as false fairy wasps, comprise a minute family of parasitic wasps with approximately 20 described extant species across three genera (Mymaromma, Mymaromella, Zealaromma), plus numerous fossil species. These insects are among the smallest known wasps, measuring approximately 0.3 mm in length. For over a century, their biology remained enigmatic until 2022, when Mymaromma menehune was confirmed as a solitary endoparasitoid of barklice eggs (Psocodea: Lepidopsocidae). The family exhibits a distinctive relictual morphology, including a pleated head membrane and unique wing structure, and has been proposed as "living fossils" potentially related to the extinct Serphitoidea.
Myolepta pretiosa
Myolepta pretiosa is a hoverfly species in the family Syrphidae, described by Hull in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Brachyopini, a group characterized by larvae that develop in decaying wood and sap runs. The genus Myolepta comprises relatively uncommon species with limited documented observations.
Myoplatypus
Myoplatypus is a rare genus of pinhole borer beetles in the subfamily Platypodinae, comprising nine tropical and one temperate American species. The genus was described by Wood in 1993 and remained known only from North and Central America until the first South American records from Peru were documented. Most species are represented by very few specimens, suggesting either narrow geographic ranges or specialized ecological requirements.
Myrmosula nasuta
Myrmosula nasuta is a species of myrmosid wasp in the family Myrmosidae, a small group of parasitoid wasps within the aculeate Hymenoptera. Members of this family are poorly known and rarely encountered, with limited biological data available. The genus Myrmosula contains species characterized by distinctive morphological features, though specific details for M. nasuta remain sparse in published literature.
Nanularia monoensis
Nanularia monoensis is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. Described by Charles L. Bellamy in 1987, it is known from a restricted area in the Benton Range of Mono County, California. The species is considered rare, with few documented observations.
Nausigaster geminata
Armored Dimpleback
Nausigaster geminata is a species of hoverfly (family Syrphidae) in the subfamily Eristalinae, tribe Merodontini. It is commonly known as the Armored Dimpleback. The species was described by Townsend in 1897. As a syrphid fly, it likely exhibits typical hoverfly behaviors including flower visitation for nectar and pollen feeding, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available sources.
Nematus corylus
Nematus corylus is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. The specific epithet 'corylus' indicates an association with Corylus (hazelnut), suggesting this species is likely a specialist on plants in this genus. Sawflies in the genus Nematus are herbivorous, with larvae that feed externally on host plant foliage. The species is rarely encountered, with only three observations documented on iNaturalist.
Nemozoma punctulatum
Nemozoma punctulatum is a species of bark-gnawing beetle in the family Trogossitidae, described by Van Dyke in 1920. It is known from a small number of observations in British Columbia, Canada. Members of this family are generally associated with woody substrates and are predatory or feed on fungi.
Neoclytus torquatus
Neoclytus torquatus is a species of longhorn beetle (family Cerambycidae) in the tribe Clytini. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1873. Like other members of the genus Neoclytus, it is likely a wasp mimic with rapid, darting movements that enhance its resemblance to stinging insects. The species is distributed in North America, with records from the United States and Mexico.
Neocryphoeca
Neocryphoeca is a genus of small North American araneomorph spiders in the family Cybaeidae, established by V. D. Roth in 1970. It contains only two described species, both endemic to the United States: N. beattyi and N. gertschi. The genus was originally classified with funnel weavers (Agelenidae) but was reassigned to Cybaeidae in 1983 based on morphological evidence. Cybaeidae spiders are generally associated with moist microhabitats and build simple sheet webs or silk retreats.
Neoleptophlebia memorialis
Neoleptophlebia memorialis is a species of mayfly in the family Leptophlebiidae, originally described by Eaton in 1884. As a member of this family, it belongs to a group of mayflies commonly known as prong-gilled mayflies, characterized by their distinctive gill structures. The species is part of the genus Neoleptophlebia, which contains several North American species. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, suggesting it may be rare, geographically restricted, or underreported.
Nevadasilus blantoni
Nevadasilus blantoni is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) in the genus Nevadasilus. It is a predatory dipteran endemic to the western United States, specifically associated with Nevada and surrounding arid regions. The species is named in honor of entomologist John Blanton. As with other Asilidae, it is presumed to be an aerial predator of other insects, though detailed studies of its biology remain limited.
Nicocles bromleyi
Nicocles bromleyi is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by George H. Hardy in 1943. It belongs to the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, a group of relatively small and slender asilids. The genus Nicocles is restricted to the New World, with species distributed primarily in arid and semi-arid regions. This species is poorly known, with no documented observations in major biodiversity databases and limited published biological information.