Leafhopper
Guides
Draeculacephala
Draeculacephala is a genus of sharpshooter leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) comprising at least 25 described species distributed throughout the New World. Adults are typically 6–11 mm in length with distinctive triangular heads that project forward to a point. Most species exhibit green coloration, though some are straw-colored. The genus is economically significant due to its association with grasses and cereals, with several species acting as vectors of plant pathogens including Xylella fastidiosa. Draeculacephala robinsoni, recently introduced to Europe, represents an emerging threat to Mediterranean agriculture.
Draeculacephala antica
Draeculacephala antica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1851. It belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, which is characterized by distinctive head morphology. The species has been recorded across multiple states in the eastern and central United States. Like other members of the Cicadellidae, it is a xylem-feeding insect that uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract fluids from plant vascular tissue.
Draeculacephala balli
Draeculacephala balli is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1915. It belongs to a genus of sharpshooters, a group known for their strong jumping ability and xylem-feeding habits. The species has been recorded across the southeastern United States.
Draeculacephala californica
Draeculacephala californica is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Davidson & Frazier in 1949. The species is known from California, Hawaii, and Sonora, Mexico. As a member of the genus Draeculacephala, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers commonly referred to as sharpshooters, which are known for their xylem-feeding habits and association with various host plants. The species has been documented in biological control research, particularly in studies examining egg parasitoids of leafhoppers.
Draeculacephala cf-minerva
Draeculacephala cf-minerva is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, distinguished by its distinctive head shape and association with grassland and prairie habitats. The 'cf.' designation indicates specimen identification based on morphological similarity to D. minerva, pending definitive confirmation. Members of this genus are known for their wedge-shaped bodies and powerful hind legs adapted for jumping.
Draeculacephala constricta
A species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described from western Texas in 1943. The genus Draeculacephala is characterized by distinctive head morphology, with species often exhibiting elongated or modified facial structures. Draeculacephala constricta occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and has been documented in association with woody legumes including Vachellia constricta (whitethorn acacia), which shares its specific epithet.
leafhopperCicadellidaedesertsouthwestern-USVachelliaacaciaphloem-feederCicadomorphaHemiptera1943-descriptionDavidsonDeLongwestern-Texasaridland-insectwoody-legume-associatehead-morphologygenus-Draeculacephalainsectaarthropodaanimaliaaccepted-speciesGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIiNaturalistobserved-313-timesAlbertaFloridaIllinoisIndianaIowaNew-MexicoArizonasummer-activityJulymonsoon-seasonphloem-feedernutrient-cyclingpredator-preyspider-preybird-preydesert-scrubsemi-aridmesquitecreosoteFabaceaehost-planttaxonomic-descriptionmale-genitaliawing-venationconcave-headproduced-headfacial-structurespecific-epithetconstrictednarrowedidentificationmorphological-detailscongenersCuernaCicadelliniCicadellinaeMembracoideaClypeataAuchenorrhynchaHexapodatrue-bugsMetazoaEukaryotaDraeculacephala crassicornis
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Van Duzee in 1915. The genus Draeculacephala is characterized by distinctive head morphology, though specific diagnostic features for D. crassicornis remain poorly documented in accessible literature. The species occurs in western North America.
Draeculacephala inscripta
Waterlettuce Leafhopper
Draeculacephala inscripta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1915. It is commonly known as the Waterlettuce Leafhopper due to its association with aquatic and semi-aquatic host plants. The species has been recorded from multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, and Hawaii, as well as being present in California where it has been studied as a host for egg parasitoids. Its eggs serve as hosts for several parasitoid wasp species in the families Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae.
Draeculacephala minerva
grass sharpshooter, green sharpshooter
Draeculacephala minerva is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the grass sharpshooter or green sharpshooter. It is native to North America and has been documented as a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterial pathogen that causes Pierce's disease in grapevines and other plant diseases. The species is closely related to Draeculacephala robinsoni, which has recently been introduced to Europe and poses similar agricultural threats. Its eggs are parasitized by several species of Trichogrammatidae and Mymaridae wasps in California.
Draeculacephala mollipes
Tenderfoot Leafhopper
Draeculacephala mollipes is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Tenderfoot Leafhopper. It belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, a group of medium-sized leafhoppers distributed across North America. The species has been documented in western and central regions of the continent, with records from Canada through the western United States. As a member of the Cicadellini tribe, it possesses the characteristic morphological features of this group, including a somewhat flattened body form and enlarged hind legs adapted for jumping. Specific biological details regarding its life history, host plant associations, and ecological role remain limited in the available literature.
Draeculacephala navicula
Draeculacephala navicula is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. It belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, a group of sharpshooters known for their association with various host plants and their role as vectors of plant pathogens. The species has been recorded from southern Texas in the United States and the Mexican states of Chiapas and Tamaulipas. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with grassland and agricultural habitats, though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Draeculacephala noveboracensis
Black-ledged Sharpshooter
Draeculacephala noveboracensis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Black-ledged Sharpshooter. It is native to North America and has been documented as a host for egg parasitoids in the families Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae. The species has been studied in California in relation to biological control programs targeting sharpshooter pests.
Draeculacephala pagoda
Draeculacephala pagoda is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Ball in 1927. It belongs to a genus characterized by distinctive head morphology. The species has been recorded in Florida, though detailed biological information appears limited in available sources.
Draeculacephala paludosa
Draeculacephala paludosa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball & China in 1933. The species belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, a group of sharpshooter leafhoppers distributed primarily in North America. Limited information is available regarding its specific biology and ecology.
Draeculacephala portola
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Ball in 1927. The genus Draeculacephala is characterized by distinctive head morphology, with species names often referencing this feature. Draeculacephala portola has been recorded from multiple U.S. states and Hawaii.
Draeculacephala robinsoni
Draeculacephala robinsoni is a sharpshooter leafhopper species native to North America that was first detected in Europe in 2022. It has been introduced to northeastern Spain and southern France, where it is expanding in agricultural areas. The species is a known vector of Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterial pathogen threatening European vineyards, olives, and almonds. It has been recorded from ryegrass, barley, and rice fields, and its recent detection in Occitanie (France)—where X. fastidiosa is already present—raises concerns about altered disease epidemiology in the Mediterranean region.
Draeculacephala savannahae
Draeculacephala savannahae is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. It belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, a group of sharpshooters within the tribe Cicadellini. The species is known from the southeastern United States, with records from Georgia. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with grassland or savanna habitats, though specific ecological details remain limited.
Draeculacephala soluta
Draeculacephala soluta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Gibson in 1919. It belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, a group of sharpshooter leafhoppers known for their association with various host plants and their role as vectors of plant pathogens. The species has been recorded from multiple localities in Mexico and Central America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation and agricultural settings.
Dragonana
Dragonana is a genus of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) in the tribe Gyponini, subfamily Iassinae. The genus was established by Ball and Reeves in 1927. As a member of the Gyponini, Dragonana belongs to a diverse group of leafhoppers characterized by particular wing venation patterns and genitalic structures. The genus contains multiple species, though detailed species-level taxonomy remains incompletely documented in public sources.
Drionia
Drionia is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Athysanini. Described by Ball in 1915, this genus belongs to the subtribe Cochlorhinina. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal published information on its biology and ecology. Records indicate very few observations, suggesting either genuine rarity or undercollection.
Drionia nigra
Drionia nigra is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1915. It belongs to the tribe Athysanini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species has been recorded from California and Oregon in western North America. As with many leafhoppers, detailed biological information remains limited.
Driotura gammaroides
Driotura gammaroides is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Chiasmini. It was originally described as Athysanus gammaroides by Van Duzee in 1894 and later transferred to the genus Driotura. The species is documented from multiple states in the eastern and central United States. Like other members of its family, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with vascular plants.
Driotura robusta
Driotura robusta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Chiasmini, described by Osborn and Ball in 1898. It is a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, one of the largest and most diverse groups of leafhoppers. The species has been documented from multiple states in the central and eastern United States.
Driotura vittata
Driotura vittata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1903. It belongs to the tribe Chiasmini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species is native to the southwestern United States and has been recorded from Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas.
Edwardsiana
Edwardsiana is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Species are found in Europe, Australia, and North America. The genus includes economically significant species such as Edwardsiana crataegi (apple leafhopper), which is a pest of fruit trees and serves as host for egg parasitoids in the genus Anagrus. Some species have been introduced to New Zealand and other regions.
Edwardsiana commissuralis
Edwardsiana commissuralis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, first described by Stål in 1858. It belongs to a genus of small, delicate leafhoppers commonly associated with woody plants. Distribution records indicate occurrence in western North America from Alaska southward through British Columbia to California, with additional records from Colorado and Idaho. As a member of Typhlocybinae, it likely feeds on plant phloem, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Edwardsiana lethierryi
Edwardsiana lethierryi is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Originally described by Edwards in 1881, this species has been recorded from multiple localities including England, British Columbia (Canada), Connecticut (USA), and New Zealand (Canterbury/Christchurch region). The genus Edwardsiana belongs to the tribe Typhlocybini, a group of small leafhoppers often associated with woody plants. As a member of the Typhlocybinae, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap, though specific host plant associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Edwardsiana prunicola
Prune Leafhopper
Edwardsiana prunicola is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It is commonly known as the Prune Leafhopper, reflecting its association with Prunus host plants. The species was described by Edwards in 1914 and is distributed across parts of Europe, western North America, and other regions. As a member of the Typhlocybinae, it is likely a phloem-feeding insect, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in the accessible literature.
Edwardsiana pseudocommissuralis
Edwardsiana pseudocommissuralis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by Christian in 1953. The species belongs to the genus Edwardsiana, a group of small leafhoppers commonly associated with woody plants. Records indicate it occurs in northeastern North America.
Edwardsiana rosae
Rose Leafhopper
Edwardsiana rosae, commonly known as the Rose Leafhopper, is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. It is a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group characterized by their small size and association with woody plants. The species was described by Linnaeus in 1758, making it one of the earlier described leafhopper species. It has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning parts of Asia, Europe, and North America.
Ellescina
Ellescina is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Species in this genus are small, delicate insects associated with vegetation. The genus is part of the diverse Erythroneurini tribe, one of the largest groups of typhlocybine leafhoppers.
Elymana
Elymana is a genus of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) established by DeLong in 1936. Species occur in Europe and North America, with at least one European species (E. sulphurella) introduced to North America. The genus includes grass-feeding species with documented host plant associations in Poaceae. Taxonomic revisions have synonymized several previously described species.
Elymana pacifica
Elymana pacifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. It belongs to the tribe Cicadulini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species is known from western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its family, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with grasses and other plants.
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hronologytype-XXVIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXIX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyElymana sulphurella
Elymana sulphurella is a leafhopper species native to Europe, introduced to North America. It is a phloem-feeding specialist on grasses (Poaceae), with documented suitability for multiple host species including Agrostis, Elymus, Festuca, and Phleum. The species exhibits egg diapause requiring cold treatment to reduce incubation time. Development from egg to adult averages 24.9 days for females and 23.5 days for males. Mated females show significantly greater longevity than males.
Empoa
Empoa is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, established by Fitch in 1851 and currently treated as a subgenus of Typhlocyba Germar, 1833. The genus was synonymized with Empoides Vilbaste, 1968, with nine new combinations resulting from this taxonomic revision. Empoa species are part of the Typhlocybinae subfamily, characterized by their small size and plant-feeding habits. The gillettei complex within Empoa comprises 14 Nearctic species that share identical male genitalia, requiring host association data and coloration patterns for species-level identification.
Empoa albicans
Empoa albicans is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Walsh in 1862. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group of small, often economically significant leafhoppers. The species has been recorded from several states in the eastern and midwestern United States including Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Mississippi. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation, though specific host plant records and detailed biological information remain limited in the available literature.
Empoa apicata
Empoa apicata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. The species was described by McAtee in 1926. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it is a small plant-feeding insect. The genus Empoa is part of the tribe Typhlocybini, which includes many economically important leafhopper species. Empoa apicata has been recorded from several central and eastern U.S. states including Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, and the District of Columbia.
Empoa aureotecta
Empoa aureotecta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Sanders and DeLong in 1917. The genus Empoa belongs to the tribe Empoascini, a group of small, often greenish leafhoppers that feed on plant sap. Members of this genus and related taxa are known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that make their bodies superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The specific epithet "aureotecta" (from Latin aureus "golden" + tectus "covered") likely refers to a golden or yellowish coloration or covering characteristic of this species.
Empoa bella
Empoa bella is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Hamilton in 1983. The genus Empoa belongs to a group of leafhoppers known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that make their exoskeletons superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. Records indicate this species occurs in the Canadian Maritime provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. As with other Empoasca-related leafhoppers, it likely shares the characteristic brochosome-producing morphology, though species-specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Empoa casta
Empoa casta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1926. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a diverse group of small leafhoppers often associated with woody plants. The species is known from scattered records across the eastern and southwestern United States. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticle secretions that coat the body surface.
Empoa gillettei
Empoa gillettei is a Nearctic leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1917. It belongs to the gillettei complex—a group of 14 Nearctic species within Typhlocyba subgenus Empoa that share identical male genitalia. Two nominal species, Empoa acericola and E. caryata (both Christian, 1953), have been synonymized with E. gillettei based on color variation. The species is documented from multiple localities across western and northern North America.
Empoa latifasciata
Empoa latifasciata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Christian in 1953. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group of small plant-feeding insects commonly known as leafhoppers. The species has been recorded from multiple localities in North America including British Columbia, Maine, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, and New Mexico. As with related Empoa species, E. latifasciata likely produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the body surface and provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties—though this has not been specifically documented for this species.
Empoa n-species
Empoa n-species is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Empoascini. The genus Empoa belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group of small, often brightly colored leafhoppers commonly known as typhlocybine leafhoppers. Members of this genus are plant-feeding insects that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The specific epithet "n-species" suggests this may be an undescribed or placeholder designation in taxonomic literature.
Empoa platana
Empoa platana is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Christian in 1953. It belongs to the genus Empoa within the subfamily Typhlocybinae. The species has been recorded from Kentucky, Ohio, and Pennsylvania in the eastern United States. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it is likely a plant-feeding insect, though specific host plant associations and ecological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Empoa querci
Empoa querci is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Fitch in 1851. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it is a plant-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species name 'querci' suggests an association with oak (Quercus) species. Like other leafhoppers in the genus Empoa, it likely produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its cuticle.
Empoa rubricola
Empoa rubricola is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Described by Christian in 1954, this species belongs to a genus of small, often brightly colored leafhoppers. Like other Empoa species, it likely possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been recorded from northeastern North America including Delaware, New Hampshire, Ontario, Québec, and Wisconsin.
Empoa saffrana
Empoa saffrana is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Typhlocyba saffrana by McAtee in 1926. It belongs to the subgenus Empoa of Typhlocyba and is part of the gillettei species complex—a group of 14 Nearctic species that share identical male genitalia and are distinguished primarily by host plant associations and color variation patterns. The species E. elmata Christian, 1953 was synonymized with E. saffrana in a 1983 revision. Like other members of its complex, it is a plant-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Empoa scripta
Empoa scripta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it possesses the distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across parts of North America including British Columbia, Idaho, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, and New York.
Empoa unifasciata
Empoa unifasciata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described as a new species from eastern Canada in 1983 and belongs to the gillettei complex—a group of 14 Nearctic species characterized by identical male genitalia. The species is distinguished from congeners primarily by coloration and pattern, particularly a single pale band on the forewings.
Empoa venusta
Empoa venusta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it is a small, plant-feeding insect. The genus is part of a group of leafhoppers known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies and provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties. Empoa venusta has been recorded from several northern U.S. states and Canadian provinces including Connecticut, Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota, and New Hampshire.