Elymana
DeLong, 1936
Elymana is a of () established by DeLong in 1936. occur in Europe and North America, with at least one European species (E. sulphurella) to North America. The genus includes grass-feeding species with documented associations in Poaceae. Taxonomic revisions have synonymized several previously described species.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Elymana: /ɛˈlaɪmənə/
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Identification
New World can be distinguished using morphological ; E. sulphurella is distinguished from North relatives including E. circius (British Columbia to Saskatchewan) and E. pacifica (British Columbia). Specific diagnostic characters for -level identification are not provided in available sources.
Images
Habitat
Grassland associated with grasses; have been reared in controlled laboratory environments on various grass species.
Distribution
Europe ( range); North America (including of E. sulphurella and native E. circius from British Columbia to Saskatchewan, E. pacifica in British Columbia). Distribution records from GBIF include Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Diet
Phloem-feeding on grasses (Poaceae). and feed on sap.
Host Associations
- Agrostis gigantea - food suitable for and
- Elymus glaucus - food suitable for and
- Festuca arundinacea - food suitable for and
- Festuca elatior - food suitable for and
- Festuca rubra - food suitable for and
- Phleum pratense - food suitable for and
- Lolium perenne - food suitable for only
- Alopecurus pratensis - food suitable for only
- Bromus inermis - food suitable for only
- Dactylis glomerata - food suitable for only
Life Cycle
, , and stages. Eggs enter when laid and require several months to hatch at room temperature; cold treatment reduces hatching time and shortens the hatching period. Developmental period averages 24.9 days for females and 23.5 days for males. Nymphs successfully developed on 10 of 11 tested, though numbers varied widely.
Behavior
occurs preferentially on leaf blades rather than , with most deposited in the lower two-thirds of the leaf.
Ecological Role
on grasses; potential - in grassland .
Human Relevance
E. sulphurella has been studied as a model for controlled rearing of and for understanding establishment in North America.
Similar Taxa
- E. circiusNew World relative distinguished from E. sulphurella by morphological characters; occurs from British Columbia to Saskatchewan
- E. pacificaNew World relative distinguished from E. sulphurella by morphological characters; occurs in British Columbia