People usually talk about aphids like they are already explained. Tiny green bugs. Bad for the roses. Spray them, squish them, move on. That is not wrong. It is just a very small version of the story.
Hemiptera
Learn the real difference between bugs and insects, including what makes a “true bug” unique and why not all insects qualify as bugs.
Guides
Paraliburnia
Paraliburnia is a genus of delphacid planthoppers in the family Delphacidae, established by Jensen-Haarup in 1917. The genus contains seven described species distributed primarily in northern Europe. Members of this genus are small, slender insects that feed on plants and are part of the diverse assemblage of planthoppers within the Delphacidae family.
Paraliburnia furcata
Paraliburnia furcata is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Hamilton in 2002. It belongs to the genus Paraliburnia within the tribe Delphacini. The species is known from British Columbia, representing part of the North American distribution of this genus. Like other delphacid planthoppers, it is likely associated with grassland or meadow habitats where host grasses occur.
Paraliburnia kilmani
Paraliburnia kilmani is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae. It was described by Van Duzee in 1897. The species has been recorded from multiple provinces and states across North America.
Paralimnini
Paralimnini is a tribe of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, established by Distant in 1908. The tribe comprises 139 genera and over 900 species, divided into two subtribes: Aglenina and Paralimnina. Members are distributed worldwide across all biogeographical regions, with the highest diversity occurring in the Oriental region.
Paralixes
Paralixes is a genus of planthoppers in the family Issidae, described by Caldwell in 1945. It belongs to the tribe Thioniini within the subfamily Issinae. Members of this genus are small, often compact-bodied insects adapted to life on host plants. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species-level descriptions and biological data available.
Paralixes scutatus
Paralixes scutatus is a species of planthopper in the family Issidae, first described by Walker in 1858. It belongs to the tribe Thioniini within the subfamily Issinae. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States and parts of Central America. Like other Issidae, it is a member of the Fulgoroidea superfamily, characterized by their distinctive body shape and reduced wings in many species.
Parallaxis
Parallaxis is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, and tribe Dikraneurini. The genus was established by McAtee in 1926. Members of this genus are small, sap-feeding insects that inhabit diverse plant communities. As with other typhlocybines, they possess reduced wing venation and are among the smallest leafhoppers.
Paramesus
Paramesus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Paralimnini. The genus was established by Fieber in 1866 and belongs to the large group of true bugs (Hemiptera) within the Auchenorrhyncha. Leafhoppers in this genus are small, plant-feeding insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus is part of the diverse Membracoidea superfamily, which contains many economically significant agricultural pests.
Paramysidia
Paramysidia is a genus of derbid planthoppers established by Broomfield in 1985. It contains seven described species, all named by Broomfield except for two species originally described under different genera and later transferred. The genus is part of the diverse Derbidae family within the planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea.
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Parapergandea is a genus of phylloxerids (family Phylloxeridae) in the order Hemiptera, established by Börner in 1930. It is currently treated as a synonym of Phylloxera Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834. The genus was erected to accommodate species resembling Phylloxera but with distinct morphological features, though subsequent taxonomic revisions have subsumed these taxa under Phylloxera. Records attributed to Parapergandea have been reported from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and the northeastern United States (Vermont).
Paraphlepsius brunneus
Paraphlepsius brunneus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, described by DeLong in 1916. The specific epithet "brunneus" (Latin for brown) likely refers to its coloration. As a member of the large genus Paraphlepsius, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized leafhoppers commonly found in North American grasslands and open habitats. The species is documented from the southeastern United States.
Paraphlepsius cornutus
Paraphlepsius cornutus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Crowder in 1952. It belongs to the tribe Pendarini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The specific epithet 'cornutus' refers to a horned or horn-like structure, though detailed morphological descriptions of this feature are not well-documented in available sources. Like other leafhoppers, it is a member of the order Hemiptera, characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Paraphlepsius occidentalis
Paraphlepsius occidentalis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Pendarini. The species is native to western North America, with documented occurrences in Alberta, British Columbia, California, Idaho, and Montana. As a member of the leafhopper family, it is likely a plant-feeding insect, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in available sources.
Paraphlepsius planus
Paraphlepsius planus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Sanders and DeLong in 1922. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Pendarini. The species has been recorded in the southeastern United States, with observations from Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. As a member of the Auchenorrhyncha, it is a sap-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant fluids.
Paraphlepsius rileyi
Paraphlepsius rileyi is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Pendarini. The species has been recorded from multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, and Kansas. Like other leafhoppers, it is a small, plant-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Paraphlepsius tennessus
Paraphlepsius tennessus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1916. The species is known from scattered records across the eastern and central United States, with iNaturalist documenting 116 observations as of the data cutoff. It belongs to a genus of relatively small, often inconspicuous leafhoppers. The species has been documented as prey for the digger wasp Clitemnestra bipunctata.
Parapiesma
Parapiesma is a genus of true bugs in the family Piesmatidae, established by Péricart in 1974. The genus comprises at least two described species: Parapiesma atriplicis and Parapiesma cinereum. Members of this genus are found across Europe, northern Asia, and North America.
Paraproba capitata
Paraproba capitata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1912. It is found in North America, with documented records from the northeastern United States including New York, as well as Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Mississippi. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited.
Paraproba cincta
Paraproba cincta is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. It is a small predatory or plant-feeding true bug distributed across western North America. The species has been recorded from Canada (Alberta, British Columbia) and the United States (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington). Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the order Hemiptera.
Paraproba pendula
Paraproba pendula is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to the diverse mirid fauna of North America, a family known for its ecological importance as predators and herbivores in various plant communities. The species is documented from California, USA.
Parapsallus
Parapsallus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Wagner in 1952. The genus contains at least one valid species, Parapsallus vitellinus, originally described by Scholtz in 1874. Records indicate presence in Scandinavia and Denmark. Like other mirids, members of this genus are small, soft-bodied true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Pareuidella magnistyla
Pareuidella magnistyla is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. The species is characterized by distinctive male genitalia with enlarged styles, as indicated by its specific epithet. It has been recorded from scattered locations across the southern United States and Mexico, with very few documented observations.
Pareuidella triloba
Pareuidella triloba is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Metcalf in 1923. The species belongs to a family whose members are commonly known as delphacid planthoppers, many of which are associated with grasses and sedges. Distribution records indicate presence in the southeastern and central United States.
Paromius longulus
dirt-colored seed bug
Paromius longulus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is distributed throughout the New World, with records from the United States through the Caribbean and Central America to South America. The species belongs to the tribe Myodochini, a group characterized by ground-dwelling habits and seed-feeding ecology.
Parthenicus
Parthenicus is a genus of plant bugs (family Miridae) containing at least 70 described species. The genus is taxonomically established within the suborder Heteroptera. One documented species, P. weemsi, is a specialist herbivore on Florida rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides).
Parthenicus pictus
Painted Parthenicus
Parthenicus pictus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1925. It is commonly known as the Painted Parthenicus, referencing its distinctive coloration. The species belongs to the suborder Heteroptera within the order Hemiptera, placing it among the true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts. It is a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, which contains over 10,000 described species of plant bugs.
Parthenicus ruber
Parthenicus ruber is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with specific records from California, USA. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.
Parthenicus wheeleri
Parthenicus wheeleri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Thomas J. Henry in 2007. It is a member of the large and diverse mirid fauna of North America. The species is known from Oklahoma, USA, based on limited collection records. As a relatively recently described species with few documented occurrences, its biology and ecology remain poorly understood.
Parthenolecanium
soft scales, lecanium scales
Parthenolecanium is a genus of soft scale insects in the family Coccidae. These hemipterans are dome-shaped, sap-feeding pests of woody plants including oaks, fruit trees, and grapevines. Several species are significant urban tree pests, notably P. quercifex (oak lecanium scale) and P. corni (European fruit lecanium scale). The genus exhibits variation in reproductive mode: some species reproduce by parthenogenesis, while P. corni reproduces sexually (gamogenesis). Many species have been documented as vectors of grapevine viruses.
Parthenolecanium quercifex
oak lecanium scale
Parthenolecanium quercifex, commonly known as the oak lecanium scale, is a native soft scale insect in the family Coccidae. Adult females are hemispherical, 4–7 mm long, and light to dark brown or gray with lateral humps. The species is prevalent in the eastern United States, primarily infesting oak trees but occasionally found on hickory and birch. It has one annual generation, with eggs laid in late May to June and crawlers hatching in June to early July. Heavy infestations can cause stunted foliage, chlorosis, twig death, and dieback, while moderate populations may support beneficial natural enemies.
Patapius
Patapius is a genus of spiny-legged bugs in the family Leptopodidae, comprising seven described species. Members of this genus are characterized by their heavily spined bodies and association with coastal or shoreline habitats. The genus has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Mediterranean region, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and introduced populations in North America and Chile.
Paurocoris punctata
Paurocoris punctata is a seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Distant in 1893. The species belongs to the tribe Antillocorini and is known from scattered records in the southern United States and Panama. As a member of the Lygaeoidea superfamily, it likely exhibits the typical seed-feeding habits common to this group, though specific ecological data remain limited. The genus Paurocoris is relatively poorly studied, with most species known from few specimens and limited geographic documentation.
Pealius kelloggi
Hollyleaf Cherry Whitefly
Pealius kelloggi is a species of whitefly in the family Aleyrodidae. It has been recorded from California and is associated with hollyleaf cherry (Prunus ilicifolia). The species was described by Bemis in 1904 and is one of approximately 44 observations documented on iNaturalist. Like other whiteflies, it is a sap-feeding insect that develops through distinct immature stages before reaching the winged adult form.
Pediopsis
Pediopsis is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Macropsini. The genus contains 19 described species with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution spanning the Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic, and Australian regions. Members are characterized by distinctive morphological features including a head across eyes narrower than the pronotum, a face wider than long, relatively large lora, and a frontally declivous pronotum with strongly oblique striations. Male genitalia lack pygofer spines or processes, and the dorsal connective is usually strongly developed.
Pediopsoides davisi
Pediopsoides davisi is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Knull in 1940. It belongs to the subfamily Megophthalminae and tribe Pediopsoidini. The genus Pediopsoides comprises small leafhoppers often associated with woody vegetation. Available records indicate this species occurs in Texas.
Pediopsoides distinctus
Pediopsoides distinctus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. It is a small, colorful insect with distinct wing patterns featuring streaks and bands. The species has been documented in late autumn in Kansas, where individuals are observed on weathered wooden fence boards. Like other leafhoppers, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts for feeding on plant sap.
Peiratinae
corsairs, corsair bugs
Peiratinae is a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) commonly known as corsairs. The subfamily has a worldwide distribution with greatest diversity in tropical regions. Approximately 30 genera and 350 species are described, though estimates vary. Members of this subfamily are predatory true bugs. The genus Sirthenea is notable for its cosmopolitan distribution across all continents.
Pelocoris femoratus
creeping water bug, saucer bug
Pelocoris femoratus is a species of creeping water bug in the family Naucoridae. It is found across Central America, North America, and South America. The species inhabits still waters with dense vegetation, where it actively hunts other arthropods. It is active from spring through autumn and can deliver a painful bite if mishandled.
Pemphigini
Pemphigini is a tribe of gall-forming aphids within the subfamily Pemphiginae. The tribe comprises two subtribes: Prociphilina, which typically induces pseudo-galls on leaves, and Pemphigina, which forms both pseudo-galls and true galls at various locations on host plants including leaf-petiole joints, petiole midpoints, and branches. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that Pemphigina is monophyletic, though the monophyly of Pemphigini as a whole is not supported. Gall morphology in this group appears to have evolved from open pseudo-galls to closed galls, with progressive relocation to more protected positions on the host plant.
Pemphigus knowltoni
Pemphigus knowltoni is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Stroyan in 1970. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, a group of aphids commonly known as gall aphids or poplar gall aphids due to their habit of inducing gall formation on host plants. The species is part of the subfamily Pemphiginae, which contains many species with complex life cycles involving host alternation between primary woody hosts (typically poplars in the genus Populus) and secondary herbaceous hosts. Very little specific information about P. knowltoni has been published in the accessible literature.
Pemphigus longicornis
Pemphigus monophagus
Pemphigus monophagus is a root-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Maxson in 1934. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, which comprises aphids that typically form galls or inhabit root systems of host plants. Like other Pemphigus species, it is frequently misidentified in agricultural contexts and has been confused with other root-infesting aphids in online discussions.
Pemphigus tartareus
Pemphigus tartareus is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes and Frison in 1931. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, which comprises root-feeding aphids often associated with gall formation or subterranean development on host plants. The species has been historically confused with other root-infesting aphids in agricultural and horticultural contexts, particularly in discussions of "root aphid" pests.
Pendarus auroalbus
Gold and White Leafhopper
Pendarus auroalbus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Gold and White Leafhopper. It occurs in the southeastern United States, with records from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The species has been documented in 101 iNaturalist observations, indicating moderate observational frequency. As with other Cicadellidae, it is presumed to feed on plant vascular fluids using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Pendarus osborni
Pendarus osborni is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Metcalf in 1955. It belongs to the genus Pendarus, a group within the diverse leafhopper fauna of North America. The species has been recorded from the southeastern United States, specifically from Florida and Mississippi. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem sap, though specific host plant associations have not been documented in the available literature.
Pendarus palustris
Pendarus palustris is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. As a member of this family, it belongs to a diverse group of small, plant-feeding insects known for their jumping ability and often colorful appearance. The specific epithet "palustris" suggests an association with marshy or wetland habitats. No detailed biological studies or ecological observations specific to this species have been documented in the provided sources.
Penepissonotus bicolor
None known
Penepissonotus bicolor is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Beamer in 1950. It belongs to a genus of small, grass-feeding delphacids found in North America. The species is recorded from several eastern and central U.S. states. Like other delphacids, it is presumed to feed on grasses, though specific host plant associations have not been documented in the available literature.
Penestragania robusta
Robust Leafhopper
Penestragania robusta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Uhler in 1877. It is commonly known as the Robust Leafhopper. The species has been documented across western North America from Alberta to Baja California, with records extending eastward to Alabama. As a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera), it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids. The genus Penestragania is part of the diverse leafhopper fauna of North America.
Pentacora ligata
shore bug
Pentacora ligata is a species of shore bug in the family Saldidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1832. The species occurs in wetland and shoreline habitats across Central America and North America. As a member of the shore bug family, it is associated with moist, marginal environments.
Pentacora signoreti
shore bug
Pentacora signoreti is a shore bug in the family Saldidae, found in alkaline flat habitats near water edges. The species occurs across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: P. s. signoreti and P. s. yucatana. Field observations indicate adults are active in summer months and can be mistaken for small tiger beetles due to their ground-dwelling behavior in open, saline environments.