Pollinator
Guides
Eupeodes pomus
Short-tailed Aphideater
Eupeodes pomus, commonly known as the short-tailed aphideater, is a species of syrphid fly distributed across North America. Adults are flower-visiting insects that feed on nectar and pollen, while larvae are aphid predators. The species belongs to a family noted for wasp-mimicking appearance and hovering flight behavior.
Eupeodes snowi
Snow's Aphideater
Eupeodes snowi is a species of syrphid fly, commonly known as Snow's Aphideater, in the family Syrphidae. As a member of the Syrphinae subfamily, its larvae are aphid predators. The species is part of a diverse genus of hover flies that serve as important biological control agents and pollinators.
Eupeodes volucris
Large-tailed Aphideater, Bird Hover Fly
Eupeodes volucris is a hover fly (family Syrphidae) commonly known as the large-tailed aphideater or bird hover fly. Larvae are aphid predators, feeding on plant-sucking insects. Adults are pollinators that visit flowers for nectar. The species is notable among syrphid flies for its relatively large size and distinctive abdominal patterning.
Euphilotes glaucon
Glaucon Blue
Euphilotes glaucon is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the Glaucon Blue. It is currently treated as a synonym of Euphilotes battoides (square-spotted blue or buckwheat blue) by some authorities. The species occurs in western North America and is associated with buckwheat plants as larval hosts.
Euphoria
flower chafers, fruit chafers
Euphoria is a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Cetoniinae, commonly known as flower or fruit chafers. The genus contains 59 species as of 2012 and is native to the Americas, with its highest diversity in Mexico and Central America. These beetles are characterized by their association with flowers and fruits, where adults feed and aggregate.
Euphoria fulgida holochloris
Emerald Euphoria
Euphoria fulgida holochloris is a subspecies of flower scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. Adults are notable bee mimics with a distinctive flight pattern, and exhibit considerable color variation including metallic green, blue-green, and burgundy forms. The subspecies was described by Fall in 1905 and occurs across much of eastern and central North America.
Euphoria inda
bumble flower beetle, brown fruit chafer, Indian cetonia
Euphoria inda is a scarab beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae, commonly known as the bumble flower beetle. Adults are active pollinators that feed on pollen, nectar, sap, and damaged fruits. The species is notable for its distinctive flight behavior: adults do not lift their elytra during flight, causing the hindwings to vibrate inside and produce a buzzing sound. It is widely distributed across North America and has been documented in large numbers at fermented bait traps in prairie and woodland habitats.
Euphoria kernii
Kern's flower scarab
Euphoria kernii is a scarab beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae, commonly known as Kern's flower scarab. The species exhibits extreme color polymorphism, with individuals ranging from all black to various combinations of black with white or yellow markings, to nearly entirely yellow. Adults are diurnal and frequently observed aggregating in flowers. The species occurs across the southern Great Plains and southwestern United States, extending into northern Mexico.
Euphoria sepulcralis
Dark Flower Scarab
Euphoria sepulcralis, commonly known as the Dark Flower Scarab, is a small flower chafer beetle (Cetoniinae) measuring 9–11 mm in length. It is widespread across the eastern and central United States, extending into Mexico. Adults are active during daylight hours and are frequently observed on flowers, particularly goldenrod, as well as at sap flows on trees. The species exhibits a distinctive dark brown to black coloration that distinguishes it from its more brightly colored congeners. It is one of the most commonly encountered Euphoria species in its range and has been documented feeding on roses as larvae.
Eupithecia
pug moths, pugs
Eupithecia is a large genus of small moths in the family Geometridae, commonly known as "pugs." They are characterized by narrow wings and a distinctive resting posture. The genus is notably diverse and presents significant identification challenges, with many species requiring dissection of genitalia for definitive determination. Eupithecia species are frequently attracted to lights and have been documented visiting flowers, including apple blossoms, where they contribute to nocturnal pollination.
Eupithecia absinthiata
Wormwood Pug
Eupithecia absinthiata, commonly known as the Wormwood Pug, is a small moth in the family Geometridae. It belongs to the large genus Eupithecia, whose members are often called 'pugs' and are recognized by their narrow wings and distinctive resting posture. The species has been documented as a nocturnal visitor to apple flowers, contributing to pollination services. It occurs across the Palearctic region, the Near East, and North America.
Eupithecia albimontanata
Eupithecia albimontanata is a small moth in the family Geometridae, commonly known as a 'pug' moth due to its narrow wings and characteristic resting posture. The species was described by McDunnough in 1940 and is found in the southwestern United States. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 19 mm. Like other Eupithecia species, it has been observed visiting flowers at night.
Eupithecia anticaria
pug moth
Eupithecia anticaria is a small moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is widely distributed across North America, from eastern Canada to the western United States. The species has a wingspan of approximately 18 mm and is active as an adult from May to July. It has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia assimilata
currant pug
Eupithecia assimilata, commonly known as the currant pug, is a small moth in the family Geometridae. The species occurs across the Nearctic and Palearctic regions, including Europe, North America, and extending east to the Ural Mountains, Ussuri region, and Sakhalin. It has been documented as a nocturnal visitor to apple flowers, contributing to pollination services. The species was first described by Henry Doubleday in 1856.
Eupithecia catalinata
Eupithecia catalinata is a small geometrid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1944. It occurs in the southwestern United States, specifically Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. The species has a wingspan of approximately 23 mm. Adults are active during July and August.
Eupithecia columbrata
Eupithecia columbrata is a species of pug moth in the family Geometridae, first described by McDunnough in 1940. The genus Eupithecia, commonly known as 'pugs,' is recognized by narrow wings and a distinctive resting posture. Members of this genus are among the most diverse and challenging to identify within Geometridae, with many species requiring microscopic examination of genitalia for definitive identification. Eupithecia moths have been documented as nocturnal visitors to flowering plants, including apple blossoms, contributing to pollination services.
Eupithecia helena
Eupithecia helena is a small geometrid moth in the genus Eupithecia, commonly known as pug moths. It is found in the western United States from Arizona and New Mexico north through Utah to Montana. Adults are active during summer months, with records from July to August. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia intricata
Freyer's Pug Moth
Eupithecia intricata, commonly known as Freyer's Pug Moth, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. The species occurs across a broad geographic range spanning Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, China, and North America. As a member of the genus Eupithecia, it is characterized by the narrow wings and distinctive resting posture typical of "pug" moths. The species was first described by Zetterstedt in 1839 under the basionym Larentia intricata.
Eupithecia johnstoni
Johnston's Pug
Eupithecia johnstoni is a small moth in the family Geometridae, commonly known as a pug moth. It is found across western and central North America, from British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado, with additional records from Michigan and the Maritimes. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 18 mm and are active from March through August. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia lafontaineata
Eupithecia lafontaineata is a small moth in the family Geometridae, described by Bolte in 1990. It belongs to the large genus Eupithecia, commonly known as pug moths. The species is found in western North America, with adults active during summer months. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits the narrow-winged morphology and distinctive resting posture characteristic of pug moths.
Eupithecia longidens
Eupithecia longidens is a small moth in the family Geometridae, commonly known as a 'pug' moth. It is native to the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. The species has a wingspan of approximately 19 mm. Like other members of the genus Eupithecia, it exhibits a distinctive resting posture with narrow wings held tightly against the body.
Eupithecia longipalpata
Long-palp Pug
Eupithecia longipalpata is a species of pug moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Packard in 1876. It is distinguished from other members of the palpata group by its larger wingspan of 23–26 mm. The species occurs in western North America from coastal British Columbia south to northern California. Larvae feed exclusively on conifer needles, with documented hosts spanning multiple genera including Abies, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga, Thuja, Picea, and Pinus.
Eupithecia miserulata
Common Eupithecia, Common Eupithecia Moth
Eupithecia miserulata, the Common Eupithecia, is a small North American moth in the family Geometridae. Adults have a wingspan of 12–20 mm and are active from March to November depending on location. The species exhibits considerable geographic variation across its range, with three recognized subspecies. It has been documented visiting apple flowers and may contribute to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia multistrigata
Eupithecia multistrigata is a small moth in the family Geometridae, first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1896. It is widespread across western North America, ranging from the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan south through the western United States to Arizona and New Mexico. The species has a wingspan of approximately 20 mm. Like other members of the genus Eupithecia, commonly known as "pugs," it exhibits the characteristic narrow wings and distinctive resting posture typical of this diverse group of inchworm moths.
Eupithecia mystiata
Eupithecia mystiata is a small moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Samuel E. Cassino in 1925. It belongs to the large genus Eupithecia, commonly known as 'pug' moths due to their distinctive narrow wings and resting posture. The species has been documented as a nocturnal visitor to apple flowers, contributing to nighttime pollination services. Adults are active in early spring.
Eupithecia nimbosa
Pug moth
Eupithecia nimbosa is a small geometrid moth described by George Duryea Hulst in 1896. It occurs throughout the Rocky Mountains from Arizona to the Canada–US border. Like other members of its genus, it has narrow wings and a distinctive resting posture. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers at night, contributing to nocturnal pollination of fruit crops.
Eupithecia perfusca
Pug moth
Eupithecia perfusca is a small moth in the family Geometridae, first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1898. It is found in western North America. The species has a wingspan of approximately 21 mm. Larvae feed on Salix (willow), Alnus (alder), and Betula (birch) species. Adults have been observed visiting apple flowers, suggesting a role in nocturnal pollination.
Eupithecia persimulata
Eupithecia persimulata is a small geometrid moth in the genus Eupithecia, commonly known as "pugs." It is found in the southwestern United States, specifically in south-western Texas and Arizona. The species has a wingspan of approximately 18 mm. Adults are active in August and have been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia pertusata
Eupithecia pertusata is a small moth in the family Geometridae, commonly known as pug moths. It is restricted to the southwestern United States, occurring in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The species has a wingspan of approximately 17 mm. Like other Eupithecia species, it is nocturnal and has been documented visiting flowers, contributing to nighttime pollination services.
Eupithecia phyllisae
Eupithecia phyllisae is a small moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Rindge in 1963. It is endemic to the southwestern United States, known only from New Mexico and Arizona. The species is named in honor of Phyllis Rindge, the wife of the author. Like other members of the genus Eupithecia, it is a nocturnal moth attracted to light sources.
Eupithecia pinata
Eupithecia pinata is a species of moth in the family Geometridae, described by Samuel E. Cassino in 1925. It is known from North America, with records from Arizona. Like other members of the genus Eupithecia, it is a pug moth, a group characterized by small size and relatively plain wing patterns. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers in Arkansas, where it was observed as part of a nocturnal pollinator community.
Eupithecia satyrata
Satyr Pug
Eupithecia satyrata, commonly known as the satyr pug, is a small geometrid moth with a broad distribution spanning northern and central Europe, Russia, central Asia, Tibet, North Africa, and North America. Adults exhibit considerable variation in wing pattern, with ground colors ranging from ash to grey or brownish. The species is univoltine, with adults active from March through September. Larvae feed on the flowers of diverse plant genera including Achillea, Scabiosa, Solidago, Senecio, and Erica tetralix. The species has been documented as a nocturnal visitor to apple flowers, contributing to pollination services.
Eupithecia scabrogata
Pug moth
Eupithecia scabrogata is a small geometrid moth described by Pearsall in 1912. It occurs in western North America from British Columbia south to California and Arizona. Adults are active primarily from November through March, with a possible second generation in May. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers at night, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia segregata
Pug moth
Eupithecia segregata is a small moth in the family Geometridae described by Pearsall in 1910. It is one of many 'pug' moths in the genus Eupithecia, recognized by their narrow wings and distinctive resting posture. The species shows considerable phenotypic variation and exhibits altitudinal variation in flight period timing.
Eupithecia sharronata
Eupithecia sharronata is a small moth in the family Geometridae, described by Bolte in 1990. It is known from multiple Canadian provinces and has been documented as a nocturnal visitor to apple flowers, contributing to pollination. The species belongs to the diverse 'pug' genus Eupithecia, whose members are recognized by their narrow wings and characteristic resting posture.
Eupithecia unicolor
Pug Moth
Eupithecia unicolor is a small geometrid moth native to western North America. Adults are active from spring through late autumn, with a wingspan of approximately 21 mm. The species is notable for its narrow wings and characteristic resting posture typical of pug moths. Larvae feed on coniferous trees including juniper, western redcedar, and Alaska cedar.
Eupithecia vargoi
Eupithecia vargoi is a species of inchworm moth in the family Geometridae. Like other members of the genus Eupithecia, it is characterized by narrow wings and a distinctive resting posture. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers at night, contributing to nocturnal pollination of fruit crops. It belongs to a diverse genus of small moths commonly known as "pugs," many of which are challenging to identify to species level without detailed examination.
Eupithecia zelmira
Eupithecia zelmira is a small geometrid moth described by Swett and Cassino in 1920. It occurs in the western United States, specifically Oregon and California. Adults are active across an unusually broad period, with records from February through July and again in December. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Euptoieta
fritillary butterflies
Euptoieta is a genus of fritillary butterflies in the subfamily Heliconiinae, distributed throughout the Neotropical region and extending northward into temperate North America. The genus includes approximately eight described species, with Euptoieta claudia (variegated fritillary) and Euptoieta hegesia (Mexican fritillary) being the most widely recognized. Members of this genus are characterized by their orange and black wing patterns and their ecological association with Viola (violet) species as larval host plants.
Euptoieta claudia
Variegated Fritillary
Euptoieta claudia, commonly known as the variegated fritillary, is a migratory butterfly native to North and South America. Unlike the sedentary Speyeria fritillaries, this species is nomadic and produces two to three broods annually. Adults are highly wary and difficult to approach, a trait reflected in the genus name derived from Greek meaning 'easily scared.' The species is one of the last butterflies active in temperate regions each growing season before migrating south to overwinter.
Eurema daira
Barred Yellow, Fairy Yellow, Barred Sulphur
Eurema daira is a small pierid butterfly exhibiting seasonal diphenism, with distinct wet and dry season morphs. The species ranges from Argentina northward through Central America, the Caribbean, and into the southern United States. Adults are active year-round in southern portions of the range, with notable dry-season emigration behavior where wet-season morphs (particularly females) move upslope 40–50 km and up to 2,000 m higher in elevation. The species has been documented as a principal pollinator of Cnidoscolus urens.
Evodinus monticola
Mountain Flower Longhorn
Evodinus monticola is a species of flower longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae. It occurs in montane forests of western North America, from the Sierra Nevada to the Rocky Mountains. The species is associated with coniferous forests and has been recorded feeding on flowers. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate E. m. monticola and E. m. vancouveri.
Exomalopsis analis
Exomalopsis analis is a small bee in the family Apidae, tribe Exomalopsini. It occurs from the southern United States through Central America to Argentina. Like other Exomalopsis species, it is a solitary ground-nesting bee. The species has been documented visiting flowers of various plants, including agricultural crops.
Exomalopsis tibialis
Exomalopsis tibialis is a species of bee in the family Apidae, described by Timberlake in 1980. It belongs to the tribe Exomalopsini, a group of small to medium-sized bees commonly known as oil-collecting bees due to their specialized floral associations. The species is known from Middle America and North America.
Exoprosopa caliptera
bee fly
Exoprosopa caliptera is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. It is distributed across western North America, from British Columbia through the western United States to Durango, Mexico. As a member of the Exoprosopini tribe, it shares the general bee fly morphology of a stout, hairy body and a long proboscis adapted for nectar feeding.
Fazia micrura
Diamond Spottail
Fazia micrura is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae, commonly known as the Diamond Spottail. First described by Osten Sacken in 1877, it belongs to the tribe Syrphini. The species has been documented through over 1,900 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is relatively well-recorded. As a member of the hoverfly family, it is presumed to be a pollinator and may exhibit Batesian mimicry of bees or wasps.
Florilegus condignus
Worthy Longhorn
Florilegus condignus is a long-horned bee in the family Apidae, commonly known as the Worthy Longhorn. It is an uncommon species distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. The species is notable for its ecological importance as a pollinator of alfalfa and its association with wetland habitats containing pickerelweed.
Forcipomyia
biting midges, no-see-ums, punkies
Forcipomyia is a large genus of biting midges comprising over 1,000 described species. The genus exhibits remarkable ecological diversity: species in the subgenus Lasiohelea are vertebrate blood-feeders, some species act as ectoparasites on larger insects, and others serve as the exclusive pollinators of cacao (Theobroma cacao), making them essential to chocolate production. This genus belongs to the family Ceratopogonidae and demonstrates one of the highest recorded wing-beat frequencies among insects.
Forcipomyia genualis
Forcipomyia genualis is a species of biting midge in the family Ceratopogonidae. Like other members of the genus Forcipomyia, adults are minute flies, typically 1–3 mm in length. The genus includes species with diverse feeding habits: some females bite birds or mammals, others feed on the blood of large insects such as moths and dragonflies, and some are pollinators. Larvae develop in moist or decaying organic substrates, feeding on algae, plant debris, or fungi.
Forcipomyia glauca
Forcipomyia glauca is a species of biting midge in the family Ceratopogonidae, first described by Macfie in 1934. The genus Forcipomyia is notable for containing species that serve as specialized pollinators of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao), though the specific ecological role of F. glauca has not been individually documented. Adult females of many Forcipomyia species feed on blood or hemolymph, while males possess distinctive plumose antennae. The species has been recorded in Brazil.