Megachilidae
Guides
Hoplitis bunocephala
Hoplitis bunocephala is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Michener in 1947. The species is native to North America and belongs to the diverse genus Hoplitis, which includes numerous mason bee species. Like other members of Megachilidae, females carry pollen on scopae located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Hoplitis elongaticeps
Hoplitis elongaticeps is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Michener in 1947. It belongs to the diverse genus Hoplitis, which comprises numerous mason bee species across the Northern Hemisphere. The species is known to occur in North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in available sources.
Hoplitis fulgida fulgida
Hoplitis fulgida fulgida is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1864. As a member of the genus Hoplitis, it belongs to a group of solitary bees that construct nests using collected materials. The subspecies is part of the North American fauna of Osmia bees, though specific ecological details for this subspecies remain poorly documented in available literature.
Hoplitis fulgida platyura
Pacific Green Small-Mason
Hoplitis fulgida platyura is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It is native to western North America, where it occurs from British Columbia to California. The subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form by structural differences in the male antennae and subtle coloration differences. Like other members of the genus Hoplitis, females construct nests in pre-existing cavities and line brood cells with collected materials.
Hoplitis howardi
Hoplitis howardi is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, tribe Osmiini. First described by Cockerell in 1910, this species belongs to a large genus of mason bees that nest in pre-existing cavities. The genus Hoplitis is characterized by females that construct nest cells using collected materials such as leaf pieces, mud, or resin. H. howardi occurs in North America and Middle America, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Hoplitis hypocrita
Mimic Small-Mason
Hoplitis hypocrita is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Mimic Small-Mason. It belongs to the tribe Osmiini, which includes many mason bee species that nest in pre-existing cavities. The species was originally described by Cockerell in 1906 as Osmia hypocrita before being transferred to the genus Hoplitis. It is native to North America.
Hoplitis producta
Produced Small-Mason
Hoplitis producta is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Produced Small-Mason. It is native to North America east of the Rocky Mountains and is considered common and widely distributed in this range. The species is notable for its nesting biology, having been documented using pith-filled plant stems for nest construction.
Hoplitis spoliata
Dilated-horned Small-Mason
Hoplitis spoliata is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Dilated-horned Small-Mason. It is a member of the diverse osmiine bee tribe, which includes many species that nest in pre-existing cavities and use various materials to construct brood cells. The species was first described by Provancher in 1888 and is native to North America, with documented occurrences in the northeastern United States including Vermont.
Hoplitis truncata
Truncate Small-Mason
Hoplitis truncata is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Truncate Small-Mason. It is part of the diverse osmiine bee group, which includes many species that nest in pre-existing cavities and use various materials to construct their nests. The species has been recorded in North America and parts of Southern Asia, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Lithurgopsis
northern cactus woodborer bees
Lithurgopsis is a genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, subfamily Lithurginae. These bees are commonly referred to as "northern cactus woodborers" due to their specialized association with cactus wood for nesting. The genus contains at least nine described species distributed across North America, with documented occurrences in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Species within this genus exhibit specialized nesting behaviors, excavating tunnels in cactus stems and provisioning cells with pollen and nectar.
Lithurgopsis echinocacti
Barrel Cactus Woodborer
Lithurgopsis echinocacti is a species of woodborer bee in the family Megachilidae, originally described as Lithurgus echinocacti by Cockerell in 1898. The species is commonly known as the Barrel Cactus Woodborer. It belongs to a genus of bees that specialize in boring into wood or plant stems for nesting, with this species showing particular association with cacti. The genus Lithurgopsis is distinguished from the related Lithurgus by morphological characteristics and geographic distribution patterns.
Lithurgopsis gibbosa
Southeastern Woodborer, Gibbous Woodborer Bee
Lithurgopsis gibbosa is a large, robust solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Southeastern Woodborer or Gibbous Woodborer Bee. It is one of the largest native bees in eastern North America and is notable for its distinctive humped thorax and wood-boring nesting behavior. The species occurs primarily in the southeastern United States, where females excavate nest tunnels in dead wood and provision cells with pollen and nectar.
Lithurgopsis littoralis
Lithurgopsis littoralis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1917. It belongs to the subfamily Lithurginae, a group of bees commonly known as mason bees or resin bees. The species is recorded from Middle America and North America.
Megachile
Leafcutter bees, Leafcutting bees, Resin bees, Mortar bees
Megachile is a large, cosmopolitan genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, comprising over 1,500 described species across more than 50 subgenera. The genus includes the commercially important alfalfa leafcutter bee (M. rotundata), managed globally for crop pollination. Species exhibit diverse nesting strategies: many cut circular leaf or petal pieces to line nest cells, while others use plant resin or mortar-like materials. The genus contains the world's largest bee, M. pluto (Wallace's Giant Bee), with a wingspan exceeding 6 cm.
Megachile brevis
leafcutter bee
Megachile brevis is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1837. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaves or petals to line its nest cavities. The species occurs in North America and Middle America according to distribution records. Like other leafcutter bees, it is a solitary nester and contributes to pollination services in its range.
Megachile comata
Megachile comata is a leafcutter bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic nest-building behavior of cutting leaves or petals to line its nest cavities. The species has been documented in North and Middle America. Like other leafcutter bees, it is a solitary pollinator.
Megachile discorhina
Megachile discorhina is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1924. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a group of solitary bees known for cutting leaf fragments to construct nest cells. The species is accepted as valid in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Specific details about its biology, distribution, and ecology remain poorly documented in readily accessible sources.
Megachile exilis parexilis
Megachile exilis parexilis is a subspecies of leafcutter bee described by Mitchell in 1937. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf or petal pieces to construct nest chambers. The subspecies is recognized as accepted in taxonomic databases, with distribution records indicating presence in Middle America and North America. No specific ecological or behavioral studies of this subspecies have been documented in the available literature.
Megachile fortis
Megachile fortis is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic trait of females carrying pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published sources.
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k-gall-americium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-curium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-berkelium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-californium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-einsteinium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-fermium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-mendelevium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-nobelium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-lawrencium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-rutherfordium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-dubnium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-seaborgium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-bohrium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-hassium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-meitnerium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-darmstadtium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-roentgenium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-copernicium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-nihonium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-flerovium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-moscovium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-livermorium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-tennessine-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-oganesson-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownMegachile inimica
hostile leaf-cutter bee
Megachile inimica is a solitary leaf-cutting bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1872. It is native to southern North America and Central America. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf fragments to line its nest cavities, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Megachile inimica sayi
Megachile inimica sayi is a subspecies of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. As a member of the genus Megachile, this bee exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for which the group is named. The subspecies is found in parts of North America and Middle America. Like other Megachilidae, females carry pollen on scopal hairs located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the legs. The specific epithet "inimica" suggests a Latin origin meaning "hostile" or "unfriendly," though the behavioral significance of this name is not documented in available sources.
Megachile lanata
Woolly Wall Bee
Megachile lanata is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Fabricius in 1775. It is considered an invasive species in Pakistan and has been introduced to regions including Colombia and Florida. The species is an important pollinator of horticultural, ornamental, aromatic, and agricultural crops. Studies have documented its nesting behavior in pre-existing cavities and its foraging activity across diverse landscapes.
Megachile melanophaea
Black-and-gray Leafcutter Bee
Megachile melanophaea is a solitary leafcutter bee native to North America, first described by Frederick Smith in 1853. Females construct nests in ground holes or small cavities, lining individual cells with carefully cut leaf pieces and provisioning them with pollen and nectar. This species has been documented as a pollinator of slipper orchids (Cypripedium species), including the rare Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense, which is otherwise pollinated almost exclusively by queen bumble bees. The species is parasitized by cuckoo bees Coelioxys sodalis and Coelioxys rufitarsus.
Megachile mellitarsis
Megachile mellitarsis is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. Like other leafcutter bees, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from limited observations in Middle America and North America.
Megachile mucida
Megachile mucida is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. As a member of the genus Megachile, it is a solitary bee that carries pollen on scopal hairs beneath its abdomen rather than on leg baskets. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
Megachile newberryae
Megachile newberryae is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1900. Like other members of the genus Megachile, this species is a leafcutter bee, characterized by females that cut leaf pieces to line their nest cells. The species has been recorded in Middle America and North America.
Megachile nivalis
Megachile nivalis is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Friese in 1903. Current taxonomic treatment considers this name a synonym of Megachile lapponica. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees known for cutting leaf segments to line their nest cavities. As with other Megachile species, females construct individual brood cells provisioned with pollen and nectar.
Megachile odontostoma
Megachile odontostoma is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1924. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees characterized by females that cut leaves or petals to line their nest chambers. As with other Megachile species, females carry pollen on specialized hairs (scopa) on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The specific epithet "odontostoma" refers to toothed mouthparts, though detailed morphological studies of this particular species remain limited.
Megachile parallela
Parallel Leafcutter Bee
Megachile parallela is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Smith in 1853. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic trait of cutting leaf fragments to construct and line its nest cells. The species is found in North and Middle America. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the legs.
Megachile perihirta
Western Leafcutter Bee, Western leafcutting bee
Megachile perihirta, commonly known as the Western Leafcutter Bee, is a solitary bee native to western North America. It is an important pollinator of alfalfa and other crops, recognized by its distinctive leaf-cutting behavior where females cut circular pieces from leaves to line nest cells. The species nests in pre-existing cavities in soil, sand, gravel, or rotting wood, and carries pollen on a scopa located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile petulans
Petulant Leafcutter Bee
Megachile petulans is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. The species is known from Middle America and North America, with 577 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Megachile policaris
Texas leafcutter bee, policaris leafcutter bee
Megachile policaris is a large, solitary leafcutter bee native to North America that has established invasive populations in Hawaiʻi. First detected on Oʻahu in 2017, it is now present on multiple Hawaiian islands including Maui, Kauaʻi, and Hawaiʻi Island. It is among the largest Megachile species in North America, with females reaching 18–22 mm. The species constructs nests in pre-existing cavities and uses cut leaf pieces to line brood cells.
Megachile pruina nigropinguis
Megachile pruina nigropinguis is a subspecies of leafcutter bee described by Mitchell in 1937. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf fragments to construct nest cells. The subspecies is classified within the family Megachilidae, a group of solitary bees known for carrying pollen on scopal hairs located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile pseudobrevis
southeastern little leaf-cutter bee
Megachile pseudobrevis, commonly known as the southeastern little leaf-cutter bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1935. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a diverse group of bees characterized by their leaf-cutting nesting behavior, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented. The species occurs in North America.
Megachile pugnata pomonae
Megachile pugnata pomonae is a subspecies of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1916. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary bees known for cutting leaf or petal fragments to construct nest cells. The subspecific epithet 'pomonae' suggests an association with apple (Malus pumila, formerly Pyrus malus or Poma), though the precise nature of this relationship requires verification. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile relativa
Golden-tailed Leafcutter Bee
Megachile relativa is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1878. The species nests in pre-existing cavities such as trap-nests and has been documented in Wisconsin and Vermont. Like other members of the genus Megachile, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile sidalceae
Megachile sidalceae is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1897. Like other members of the genus Megachile, it is a solitary bee. The species name 'sidalceae' suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Sidalcea (mallow family), though this relationship has not been confirmed in the available literature. The species has been recorded in North America and Middle America, with 90 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Megachile zapoteca
Megachile zapoteca is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. It is native to Mexico and Central America, with records from multiple Mexican states including Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, as well as Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Osmia
Mason Bees
Osmia is a large genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as mason bees. The genus includes approximately 500 species worldwide, with many species native to North America. Mason bees are named for their use of mud or other masonry materials to construct and seal nest cells. They are important pollinators of agricultural crops and native plants, and several species are managed commercially for orchard pollination. Unlike honey bees, mason bees are solitary, do not produce honey, and rarely sting.
Osmia aglaia
Oregon berry bee
Osmia aglaia is a solitary mason bee native to the western United States. It is commonly known as the Oregon berry bee due to its specialized role as a pollinator of brambles, particularly raspberries and blackberries. The species exhibits metallic coloration and nests in pre-existing wood tunnels. Adults are active in late spring, coinciding with Rubus bloom periods.
Osmia bucephala
bufflehead mason bee
Osmia bucephala, commonly known as the bufflehead mason bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae native to North America. As a mason bee, it nests in pre-existing tubular cavities and uses mud to construct and seal brood cells. The species is part of the diverse Osmia genus, which includes many ecologically important pollinators. Limited specific ecological data is available for this species compared to better-studied congeners such as O. lignaria.
Osmia clarescens
Osmia clarescens is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1911. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Osmia, it is a cavity-nesting bee that constructs nests in hollow stems or pre-existing holes, sealing brood chambers with mud. Specific ecological details and distinguishing characteristics remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Osmia coloradensis
Colorado Mason, Colorado osmia
Osmia coloradensis is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to western North America. Like other Osmia species, it nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow plant stems or holes in wood, sealing nest chambers with mud. The species is recognized as a native pollinator with documented observations across multiple western U.S. states and parts of Central America. It belongs to a genus of bees increasingly valued for orchard pollination services, though specific management practices for this species are less developed than for commercially used relatives.
Osmia dakotensis
Osmia dakotensis is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Michener in 1937. It is native to North America. As a mason bee, it likely nests in pre-existing cavities and uses mud to construct brood cells. Beyond its taxonomic placement and geographic distribution, specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Osmia gaudiosa
Osmia glauca
Osmia glauca is a species of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, originally described as Heriades glaucum by Fowler in 1899. It is native to North America and belongs to a genus of solitary bees known for nesting in pre-existing cavities and sealing brood cells with mud. Like other Osmia species, it is likely a pollinator of flowering plants, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Osmia lignaria lignaria
Eastern Blue Orchard Bee
Osmia lignaria lignaria is the eastern subspecies of the blue orchard bee, a solitary mason bee native to North America. It is a managed pollinator prized for its efficiency in pollinating early spring-blooming fruit trees including almonds, apples, pears, and cherries. The bee nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems and beetle holes, sealing nest entrances with mud. It has experienced population declines in the eastern United States, with research ongoing into competition with non-native Osmia species and vulnerability to pesticides and parasites.
Osmia palmula
Osmia pumila
Osmia pumila is a solitary mason bee native to eastern North America. It is strongly associated with forest habitats, where it performs spring pollination of wildflowers and possibly some timber trees. The species nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems or holes in wood, sealing brood chambers with mud. Research indicates it is one of the most common forest-associated bee species in the eastern United States, with populations increasing as forest cover has regrown since the early 1900s.
Osmia rawlinsi
Osmia rawlinsi is a species of solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Sandhouse in 1939 and is native to North America. Like other members of the genus Osmia, it is a cavity-nesting bee that uses mud to construct and seal its nest cells. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited information available regarding its ecology, distribution, and conservation status.