Tortricidae
Guides
Epinotia cercocarpana
Epinotia cercocarpana is a small tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. The species was described by Harrison Dyar in 1903. The specific epithet references Cercocarpus, a genus of mountain mahogany plants, suggesting a possible host plant association. As with many small olethreutine moths, detailed life history and ecological information remain limited in published literature.
Epinotia cinereana
Grey Aspen Bell
Epinotia cinereana is a Holarctic tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini, resurrected from synonymy with E. nisella in 2012 based on DNA barcoding, genital morphology, and life history differences. It occurs across Europe and North America, with moderate intraspecific genetic variation between continents but no correlated morphological differences. The species was previously hidden under the name E. nisella, a highly variable species with which it had been conflated for decades.
Epinotia columbia
Epinotia columbia is a species of tortricid moth described by Kearfott in 1904. It belongs to the tribe Eucosmini within the subfamily Olethreutinae. The species has been recorded in the prairie provinces of Canada, with observations documented in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.
Epinotia digitana
Epinotia digitana is a species of tortricid moth described by Heinrich in 1923. It belongs to the genus Epinotia, a diverse group of small moths commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths. The species is classified within the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to have larvae that feed internally within plant tissues, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Epinotia ephemerana
Epinotia ephemerana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Brown & Brown in 2018. The species belongs to the genus Epinotia, a group of small moths commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths. As a recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited. The specific epithet "ephemerana" suggests a possible association with ephemeral or short-lived host plants or habitats.
Epinotia improvisana
Epinotia improvisana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, tribe Eucosmini. The species was described by Heinrich in 1923. Like other members of the genus Epinotia, it is a small moth with characteristic wing patterns typical of the tribe Eucosmini. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Epinotia johnsonana
Epinotia johnsonana is a small moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by Kearfott in 1907 from specimens collected in North America. The species belongs to the large genus Epinotia, which contains numerous small tortricid moths whose larvae typically feed on coniferous trees. Adults are active during the summer months and can be attracted to light. The species appears to be relatively uncommon in collections, with limited published biological information available.
Epinotia kasloana
Epinotia kasloana is a species of tortricid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1925. It belongs to the large genus Epinotia, which contains numerous small moths commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths. The species is part of the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a small moth with larvae that feed internally in plant tissues, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
Epinotia lindana
Diamondback Epinotia Moth
A small tortricid moth with a wingspan of approximately 17 mm. The species occurs across northern and eastern North America, with larvae feeding on Cornus (dogwood) species. Adults are active during the warmer months. The common name refers to the distinctive wing pattern.
Epinotia meritana
white-fir needle miner
Epinotia meritana is a small tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized miners of fir needles. The species completes one generation annually, with adults active in mid-summer and larvae feeding internally on white fir foliage before overwintering within mined needles. It occurs in western North American conifer forests where its host trees grow.
Epinotia miscana
Epinotia miscana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Kearfott in 1907. It belongs to the large genus Epinotia, which contains numerous species of small moths commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths. The species is part of the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a small moth with larvae that feed on plant material, though specific details about its biology remain limited in available literature.
Epinotia nanana
European spruce needleminer, green spruce leaf miner, green spruce needle miner
Epinotia nanana is a small tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized needle miners of spruce trees. Native to Europe and Asia, it has been introduced to North America where it has become a pest of ornamental and forest spruce. The species has a univoltine life cycle with larvae overwintering in mined needles and completing development the following spring. Larval feeding creates distinctive silken webbing that secures mined needles to twigs.
Epinotia nigralbana
Epinotia nigralbana is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. First described by Walsingham in 1879, this species is part of the diverse genus Epinotia, which contains numerous small tortricid moths commonly known as larch tortricids or similar names. The species is documented from western North America, with records from Alberta, Canada. Like other Epinotia species, it is likely associated with coniferous hosts, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Epinotia nisella
Grey Poplar Bell, Yellow-headed Aspen Leaftier
Epinotia nisella is a small tortricid moth with a Holarctic distribution across northern Eurasia and northern North America. First described by Clerck in 1759, it is highly polymorphic in forewing coloration, showing extensive variation in grey, black, and brown patterns. The species is closely related to E. cinereana, from which it was recently reinstated as distinct based on DNA barcodes and genital morphology. Larvae feed on catkins and leaves of Populus and Salix species.
Epinotia nonana
Epinotia nonana is a small tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. First described by Kearfott in 1907 from the northeastern United States, this species belongs to a large genus of leafroller moths. As with many Epinotia species, detailed biological information remains limited. The species has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States based on collection and observation records.
Epinotia normanana
A small tortricid moth in the genus Epinotia, described by Kearfott in 1907. The species belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae, a group commonly known as olethreutine moths or tortricid leafrollers. Epinotia species are generally associated with coniferous and deciduous trees, though specific ecological details for E. normanana remain poorly documented in published literature.
Epinotia pulsatillana
Epinotia pulsatillana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, tribe Eucosmini. First described by Dyar in 1903 as Eucosma pulsatillana, it was later transferred to the genus Epinotia. Like other members of this large genus, it is a small moth with larvae that are likely associated with specific host plants. The species is known from North America, though detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Epinotia radicana
Red-striped Needleworm Moth
Epinotia radicana is a small tortricid moth known for its association with coniferous forests across northern North America. The species is recognized by its common name referencing the reddish larval stripes and needle-feeding habits. It has been documented from western Canada through to the northeastern United States, with a life cycle tightly synchronized to the phenology of its host trees. The species is not considered a significant forest pest despite its widespread occurrence in spruce-fir ecosystems.
Epinotia rectiplicana
Epinotia rectiplicana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by Walsingham in 1879 under the basionym Paedisca rectiplicana. It belongs to the tribe Eucosmini within the subfamily Olethreutinae. The species is documented from the Canadian prairie provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.
Epinotia sagittana
Epinotia sagittana is a species of tortricid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1925. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae within the family Tortricidae, a large group of small moths commonly known as leafroller moths. The species epithet 'sagittana' likely refers to arrow-shaped (sagittate) markings on the wings, a common naming convention in this genus. As with many Epinotia species, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Epinotia solandriana
Birch Leafroller Moth
Epinotia solandriana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–21 mm, distributed across Europe, Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Russia), and North America. Adults fly from July to September and show considerable variation in forewing coloration and pattern. Larvae are specialized leaf rollers on birch, hazel, and willow, folding leaves to create shelters while feeding.
Epinotia solicitana
Birch Shootworm Moth
Epinotia solicitana is a small tortricid moth commonly known as the Birch Shootworm Moth. The species is recognized for its association with birch trees as a larval host, with larvae feeding internally on shoots and causing characteristic damage. Adults are typically active during summer months across northern North America. The species has been documented from Alberta, Manitoba, and Vermont, with additional records likely across the broader boreal and northern temperate regions of the continent.
Epinotia subplicana
Epinotia subplicana is a small tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, and tribe Eucosmini. The species was described by Walsingham in 1879. As a member of the genus Epinotia, it belongs to a diverse group of small moths commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, many of which are associated with coniferous hosts.
Epinotia subviridis
Epinotia subviridis is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, described by Heinrich in 1929. The species belongs to the genus Epinotia, a diverse group of small moths commonly known as tortricids or leafroller moths. As with many Epinotia species, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Epinotia trigonella
Birch Epinotia Moth
A small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–21 mm, found across Europe, the eastern Palearctic, and North America. Adults are active in late summer. The species is tightly associated with birch, with larvae feeding within folded or spun leaves.
Epinotia wrighti
Epinotia xandana
Epinotia xandana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. It was described by Kearfott in 1907. The species belongs to the large genus Epinotia, which contains numerous small moths commonly known as epinotias. Records indicate occurrence in Alberta, Canada.
Epinotia zandana
Epinotia zandana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. Originally described by Kearfott in 1907 as Eucosma zandana, it was later transferred to the genus Epinotia. Like other members of this genus, it is likely a small moth associated with coniferous hosts, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Epiphyas
Epiphyas is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Archipini, established by Turner in 1927. The genus comprises approximately 39 described species and is primarily distributed across Australia and Tasmania, with additional species on Lord Howe Island. The most widely known member is Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth), a major agricultural pest native to Australia that has been introduced to multiple countries including New Zealand, Hawaii, New Caledonia, the United Kingdom, and California. The genus includes both polyphagous pest species and endemic specialists with restricted host associations.
Episimus
Episimus is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, established by Walsingham in 1892. The genus contains approximately 40 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with some species ranging into North America. At least one species, E. unguiculus (syn. E. utilis), has been extensively studied as a candidate biological control agent for the invasive Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida. The genus was taxonomically revised in 2008, with twelve new species described from the Neotropics and the synonymization of Episimoides.
Episimus argutana
Sumac Leaftier Moth
Episimus argutana, commonly known as the Sumac Leaftier Moth, is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. The common name refers to the larval habit of tying leaves together with silk. The species is known from parts of eastern North America.
Episimus transferrana
Episimus transferrana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Francis Walker in 1863. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae, a group known for including many internal-feeding larvae. The species has been recorded from the Galápagos Islands and the Brazilian state of Amazonas (BR-AM). Records remain sparse, with limited biological data available.
Ethelgoda texanana
Ethelgoda texanana is a small tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, tribe Grapholitini. The species was described from Texas in 1879 and belongs to a genus containing approximately five described species distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. As a member of the Grapholitini, it is likely associated with woody plants, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Eucopina
Pine Coneborer and Shoot-Borer Moths
Eucopina is a genus of tortricid moths comprising approximately nine described species, all native to North America. Species in this genus are commonly known as pine coneborers and shoot-borers, reflecting their specialized association with conifer hosts. Larvae of several species are documented pests of pine and fir cones and shoots, causing economic damage in forestry contexts. The genus was formally described by Gilligan & Wright in 2014.
Eucopina cocana
Shortleaf Pine Coneborer Moth
Eucopina cocana, commonly known as the Shortleaf Pine Coneborer Moth, is a small tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae. The species is associated with pine cones, specifically those of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), and develops as a larval borer within cone tissues. Adults are small, nondescript moths with wingspans typical of the genus. The species is documented primarily from the southeastern United States where its host tree occurs.
Eucopina ponderosa
Eucopina ponderosa is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, described by Powell in 1968. The species epithet "ponderosa" suggests a likely association with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a common pattern among Eucopina species which are generally conifer-feeding specialists. The genus Eucopina contains small moths whose larvae typically develop as shoot borers or cone feeders on Pinaceae.
Eucopina rescissoriana
Lodgepole Pine Coneborer Moth
A small tortricid moth whose larvae bore into the cones of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). The common name reflects this specialized association. Adults are rarely observed directly; records primarily derive from larval collections and cone dissections. The species appears restricted to regions where its host pine occurs.
Eucopina siskiyouana
Fir Coneborer Moth
Eucopina siskiyouana, commonly known as the Fir Coneborer Moth, is a species of tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini. First described by Kearfott in 1907, this species is associated with coniferous habitats, particularly fir trees. The common name suggests larval feeding within cones, a trait shared with related Eucopina species. It occurs in western North America.
Eucopina sonomana
Western Pine Shoot Borer Moth
Eucopina sonomana, known as the Western Pine Shoot Borer Moth, is a small tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini. The species is associated with coniferous hosts, particularly pines, and occurs in western North America. Larvae are known to bore into pine shoots, causing damage to terminal growth. The species was originally described as Eucosma sonomana by Kearfott in 1907.
Eucosma
Eucosma is a large genus of small tortricid moths with at least 670 described species worldwide. The genus has a Holarctic and Indomalayan distribution, with approximately 150 species in the Nearctic region and 53 in Europe. New species continue to be discovered even in well-studied regions. Species exhibit considerable variation in coloration, ranging from plain to boldly patterned.
Eucosma awemeana
Eucosma awemeana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by William D. Kearfott in 1907. The species belongs to the large genus Eucosma, which contains numerous small moths commonly known as phaneta or eucosma moths. As with most members of Olethreutinae, the larvae are likely internal feeders within plant tissues, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Eucosma baggetti
Eucosma baggetti is a species of tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini, described from New Mexico in 2008. The species is named in honor of a collector. As with many Eucosma species, it likely belongs to a species group characterized by similar genital morphology. The species remains poorly known beyond its original description.
Eucosma browni
Eucosma browni is a species of tortricid moth described by Wright in 2010. It belongs to the genus Eucosma, a diverse group of small moths commonly known as phaneta moths or eucosma moths. The species is classified within the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. As a recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited.
Eucosma cana
Hoary Bell
Eucosma cana, commonly known as the hoary bell, is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–23 mm. It is widespread across Europe, parts of Asia including China and Japan, and Central Asia. The species is univoltine, with adults active from June to August. Larvae develop within the flowerheads of thistles and related plants, feeding on Cirsium, Carduus, and Centaurea nigra.
Eucosma canusana
Eucosma canusana is a small moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by Wright in 1997. As a member of the Olethreutinae subfamily, it belongs to a diverse group of tortrix moths commonly known as leafroller moths. The species is placed in the genus Eucosma, a large and taxonomically complex group within the tribe Eucosmini. Very little specific biological information has been published for this species.
Eucosma gemellana
Eucosma gemellana is a small tortricid moth described by Heinrich in 1923. The species belongs to the large genus Eucosma, which contains numerous seed-feeding tortricids associated with Asteraceae and related plant families. This species is rarely encountered and poorly documented in the scientific literature, with only a handful of observations recorded.
Eucosma glomerana
Eucosma glomerana is a small tortricid moth described by Walsingham in 1879. It belongs to the tribe Eucosmini within the subfamily Olethreutinae. Records indicate a restricted distribution in the Canadian prairie provinces.
Eucosma gomonana
Eucosma gomonana is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, described by Kearfott in 1907. The species is provisionally accepted in current taxonomic databases and has been documented through limited observations. As a member of the genus Eucosma, it belongs to a group of small moths commonly known as bell moths or shoot moths, many of which are associated with specific host plants. Detailed biological information remains scarce due to limited study.
Eucosma grindeliana
Eucosma grindeliana is a tortricid moth species described by Busck in 1906, originally placed in the genus Cydia. It belongs to the Olethreutinae subfamily and is part of the diverse genus Eucosma, which contains numerous small moth species associated with Asteraceae hosts. The species has been documented in North America with 283 iNaturalist observations recorded. Specific biological details remain limited in published literature.
Eucosma indagatricana
Eucosma indagatricana is a species of tortricid moth described by Heinrich in 1923. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae, a group commonly known as olethreutine moths. The species is part of the large genus Eucosma, which contains numerous small moths often associated with Asteraceae and other plant families. Limited published information exists regarding its biology and ecology.