Tortricidae
Guides
Pseudexentera kalmiana
A small tortricid moth described by McDunnough in 1959. The specific epithet suggests an association with Kalmia (mountain laurel), indicating a likely host plant relationship. It belongs to the diverse genus Pseudexentera, which contains numerous species of small moths primarily found in North America.
Pseudexentera maracana
Pseudexentera maracana is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae, first described by Kearfott in 1907 under the basionym Proteopteryx maracana. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States, with confirmed records from Vermont.
Pseudexentera nr-oreios
Pseudexentera nr-oreios is an undescribed or near-species tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, currently recognized by the provisional designation "nr-oreios" (near oreios). The specific epithet "oreios" refers to a described species in the genus, suggesting this taxon represents a closely related but potentially distinct entity. Members of the genus Pseudexentera are small to medium-sized tortricid moths, many of which are associated with coniferous or deciduous trees. The "nr-" prefix indicates taxonomic uncertainty, commonly used in biodiversity inventories and ecological studies where morphological or genetic distinctions from described species remain unresolved.
Pseudexentera oregonana
aspen leafroller
Pseudexentera oregonana is a tortricid moth commonly known as the aspen leafroller. It is recognized as an economic defoliator of aspen (Populus). The female sex pheromone has been chemically characterized, with Z8-14:Ac identified as the principal attractive component. The species exhibits reproductive isolation through species-specific pheromone communication.
Pseudexentera virginiana
Virginia Pseudexentera Moth
Pseudexentera virginiana is a small tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. The species was described by Clemens in 1864 and is known from the eastern United States. As a member of the tribe Eucosmini, it belongs to a group of small, often inconspicuous moths whose larvae typically feed internally on plant tissues. The specific epithet 'virginiana' suggests historical association with the Virginia region, though the species has broader distribution in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic states.
Pseudogalleria
Pseudogalleria is a genus of tortricid moths established by Émile Ragonot in 1884. The genus contains a single described species, Pseudogalleria inimicella (Zeller, 1872). It is classified within the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Grapholitini. The genus has been documented through 437 iNaturalist observations.
Pseudophanerotoma
A genus of solitary endoparasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Cheloninae. Species are known to parasitize tortricid moths, including agricultural pests. The genus occurs from southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to South America (Brazil, Peru, French Guiana). At least four species have been described: P. huichol (Mexico), P. austini (Guatemala), P. paranaensis (Brazil, French Guiana), and P. thapsina (Texas, French Guiana).
Pseudosciaphila
Pseudosciaphila is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, established by Obraztsov in 1966. The genus contains at least two described species: P. branderiana (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. duplex (Walsingham, 1905). These moths are part of the diverse leafroller moth family Tortricidae, which includes many economically significant agricultural pests. The genus has been recorded from northern Europe and North America.
Retinia
Pine Shoot Moths
Retinia is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, commonly known as pine shoot moths. Species in this genus are associated with coniferous hosts, particularly pines (Pinus spp.). The genus has been studied in European forestry contexts for its role as a pest of young pine stands. Larval feeding damages shoot tips, affecting tree growth form.
Retinia albicapitana
Northern Pitch Twig Moth
Retinia albicapitana, the northern pitch twig moth, is a small tortricid moth specialized on Pinus species. It occurs across boreal and northern temperate North America, with a two-year life cycle. The species is notable for its extended larval development and association with coniferous forest ecosystems.
Retinia comstockiana
Pitch Twig Moth, Comstock's Retinia Moth
Retinia comstockiana is a tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized borers in pine twigs. The species is narrowly associated with pitch pine (Pinus rigida) in the northeastern United States. Larval tunneling in twigs can cause dieback of branch tips. Adults are small, inconspicuous moths with limited published information on their biology.
Retinia edemoidana
Retinia edemoidana is a small moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by Harrison G. Dyar in 1903. It belongs to the pine cone moth genus Retinia, whose larvae develop within conifer cones. The species is documented from western North America, where it associates with pine hosts.
Retinia houseri
Minute Pitch-blister Moth
Retinia houseri is a small tortricid moth described from eastern North America. The common name 'Minute Pitch-blister Moth' suggests an association with pine pitch blisters, a trait shared with congeners in this genus. Most Retinia species are specialized on conifers, particularly pines (Pinus), where larvae feed within resinous pitch masses. The species remains poorly documented in scientific literature.
Retinia metallica
Ponderosa Pine Caterpillar Moth
Retinia metallica is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. The species was described by Busck in 1914. Commonly known as the Ponderosa Pine Caterpillar Moth, it belongs to a genus whose larvae are typically associated with coniferous hosts. As with other Retinia species, this moth likely has a life cycle tied to pine trees, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in available sources.
Retinia pallipennis
Retinia pallipennis is a species of tortricid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1938. It belongs to the genus Retinia, a group commonly known as pine resin moths or pitch moths, many of which are associated with coniferous hosts. The species was originally described as Petrova pallipennis before being transferred to Retinia. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with pine hosts, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Retinia picicolana
Retinia picicolana is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae, first described from Mexico by Harrison G. Dyar in 1906. It belongs to a genus whose larvae are predominantly associated with coniferous trees, particularly pines. The species remains poorly documented in published literature, with most available information derived from taxonomic databases rather than ecological studies.
Retinia sabiniana
Retinia sabiniana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. The species was described by Kearfott in 1907 and is classified within the tribe Eucosmini. As a member of the genus Retinia, it belongs to a group of small moths commonly known as pine shoot moths or resin moths, many of which are associated with coniferous hosts. The specific epithet "sabiniana" suggests a possible association with juniper (Juniperus sabiniana, the California juniper), though this relationship has not been explicitly documented in the provided sources.
Rhopobota finitimana
Rhopobota finitimana is a small tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini, originally described as Kundrya finitimana by Heinrich in 1923. The species is known from limited records in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont. As a member of the genus Rhopobota, it belongs to a group of tortricids commonly associated with coniferous and broadleaf woody plants.
Rhyacionia adana
Adana tip moth
Rhyacionia adana is a small tortricid moth known as the Adana tip moth. It was described in 1923 but remained overlooked for decades because its damage to pine trees was confused with that of the European pine shoot moth (R. buoliana). The species is a documented pest of young pine plantations in northeastern North America.
Rhyacionia aktita
Rhyacionia aktita is a species of tortricid moth described by Miller in 1978. It belongs to the genus Rhyacionia, a group commonly known as pine tip moths due to the larval habit of feeding on conifer shoot tips. The species is part of the Olethreutinae subfamily within Tortricidae. Published records indicate limited observational data, with 14 documented observations on iNaturalist.
Rhyacionia blanchardi
Rhyacionia blanchardi is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Miller in 1978. It belongs to the genus Rhyacionia, a group commonly known as pine tip moths. The species is part of the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. Published records for this species are limited, with no documented observations in major biodiversity databases as of the latest data compilation.
Rhyacionia buoliana
pine shoot moth, European Pine Shoot Moth
Rhyacionia buoliana is a tortricid moth known as the pine shoot moth. Native to North Africa, North Asia, and Europe, it has become invasive in North and South America. The species is a significant pest of pine trees, with larvae feeding on shoots of Pinus species. Adults are active during summer months in temperate regions.
Rhyacionia granti
Jack Pine Shoot Borer
Rhyacionia granti is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Miller in 1985. It belongs to the genus Rhyacionia, a group commonly known as shoot borers or tip moths that are associated with coniferous trees. The species is known by the common name Jack Pine Shoot Borer, indicating its association with jack pine (Pinus banksiana). As a member of the Olethreutinae subfamily and Eucosmini tribe, it shares characteristics with other conifer-feeding tortricids in the genus.
Rhyacionia multilineata
A small tortricid moth described by Powell in 1978. The specific epithet "multilineata" refers to multiple lines on the forewings. Like other members of the genus Rhyacionia, it likely has associations with coniferous plants, though specific host records for this species remain limited.
Rhyacionia neomexicana
Southwestern pine tip moth
Rhyacionia neomexicana is a tortricid moth whose larvae are significant pests of southwestern pines. The species completes one generation annually, with larvae tunneling into pine shoots to feed, causing characteristic tip dieback. Adults emerge in spring and lay eggs on new pine growth. The species specifically targets ponderosa pine seedlings and saplings, where infestations reduce both height and radial growth.
Rhyacionia pasadenana
Rhyacionia pasadenana is a species of tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini, described by Kearfott in 1907 from Pasadena, California. The species belongs to a genus whose larvae are predominantly associated with coniferous trees, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented. It is known from a limited number of observations, primarily in western North America.
Rhyacionia rigidana
Pitch Pine Tip Moth
A small tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized feeders on pine shoots. The species has been studied for its larval development, with five instars confirmed through morphometric analysis of head capsule widths. Common name references its association with pitch pine (Pinus rigida).
Rhyacionia salmonicolor
Rhyacionia salmonicolor is a species of tortricid moth described by Powell in 1978. It belongs to the genus Rhyacionia, a group commonly known as pine shoot moths due to the larval habit of feeding on conifer shoots. The species name refers to the salmon-colored appearance of the adult moth. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with pine hosts, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Rhyacionia sonia
Rhyacionia sonia is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, and tribe Eucosmini. Described by Miller in 1967, this species belongs to a genus of small moths commonly known as pine shoot borers or tip moths. The genus Rhyacionia is primarily associated with coniferous hosts, with larvae typically feeding on pine shoots and buds.
Saphenista
Saphenista is a genus of tortricid moths established by Walsingham in 1914. It belongs to the tribe Cochylini within the subfamily Tortricinae. Species in this genus are primarily distributed in the Neotropical region, with documented occurrences in Central and South America including Ecuador, Peru, and Mexico. The genus is part of a diverse radiation of Cochylini in montane habitats.
Saphenista bartellae
Saphenista bartellae is a small tortricid moth described in 2019. The species occurs in two disjunct populations: a coastal California population found at low elevations, and a montane population ranging from British Columbia through the Sierra Nevada to the Rocky Mountains. Adults fly in mid-summer at high elevations but in autumn along the coast. The species is known from relatively few collections.
Saphenista latipunctana
Saphenista latipunctana is a species of tortricid moth originally described by Walsingham in 1879. The species was transferred to the genus Saphenista by Brown in 2019, having previously been classified under Phalonidia. As a member of Tortricidae, it belongs to a large family of small moths commonly known as leafroller moths. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Phalonidia latipunctana in some taxonomic treatments.
Sereda tautana
Speckled Sereda Moth
Sereda tautana is a small tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, known from the Canadian prairie provinces. It is one of few described species in the genus Sereda, which belongs to the tribe Grapholitini. The species was first described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1865. Despite having nearly 500 iNaturalist observations, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Sonia
Sonia is a genus of tortricid moths in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, and tribe Eucosmini. The genus was established by Heinrich in 1923. Like other olethreutine tortricids, species in this genus are small to medium-sized moths with characteristic wing patterns and larval stages that typically develop within plant tissues such as stems, roots, or fruits.
Sonia albimacula
Sonia albimacula is a species of tortrix moth in the family Tortricidae. The specific epithet "albimacula" refers to a white spot marking, suggesting a distinguishing pale maculation on the wings. As with other members of the genus Sonia, this species belongs to a group of small moths whose larvae typically develop within plant tissues. The genus Sonia is placed within the diverse tortricid fauna, though detailed biological information for this particular species remains limited in available sources.
Sonia canadana
Canadian sonium
Sonia canadana, the Canadian sonium, is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. It was described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1925. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 3219 in the North American moth numbering system. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini.
Sonia constrictana
constricted sonia moth
Sonia constrictana is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae, commonly known as the constricted sonia moth. It occurs across eastern and central North America, with records from the United States and southern Canada. Adults are active from late spring through early autumn. The species is one of approximately 10,000 described tortricid moths worldwide, a family known for including many economically significant agricultural pests.
Sonia paraplesiana
Hebrew Sonia Moth
Sonia paraplesiana is a small tortricid moth species described by Blanchard in 1979. It is commonly known as the Hebrew Sonia moth. The species has a wingspan of approximately 14 mm and occurs across the eastern and southeastern United States.
Sparganothis
Sparganothis fruitworm
Sparganothis is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Tortricinae. Several species are significant agricultural pests, particularly of cranberries, blueberries, and grapes. The genus includes the economically important Sparganothis sulfureana, a major cranberry pest in North America, and S. pilleriana, a grape leaf-roller in European vineyards. Species exhibit bivoltine life cycles with larvae that feed on fruit and foliage, causing direct yield losses in commercial production systems.
Sparganothis azulispecca
Sparganothis azulispecca is a species of tortricid moth described by Powell & Brown in 2012. It is known only from Alabama in the United States. No observations of this species have been recorded in iNaturalist, and its biology remains largely undocumented.
Sparganothis caryae
Netted Sparganothis Moth
Sparganothis caryae is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of approximately 17–18 mm. The species is widely distributed across the eastern and central United States, ranging from Massachusetts to Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma. Despite its specific epithet referencing Carya (hickory), the common name "Netted Sparganothis Moth" suggests a distinctive wing pattern. The species was first described by Robinson in 1869 from the original combination Tortrix caryae.
Sparganothis lindalinea
Sparganothis lindalinea is a tortricid moth species described in 2012 from the southeastern United States. It belongs to a genus containing several agricultural pests, including the cranberry fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana). The species is known from only eight iNaturalist observations and appears to have a restricted range in the Gulf Coast region.
Sparganothis mcguinnessi
Sparganothis mcguinnessi is a tortricid moth species described in 2012 from New York State. It belongs to a genus containing several economically significant agricultural pests, including the cranberry fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana), though specific pest status for this species has not been documented. The species epithet honors Hugh McGuinness.
Sparganothis niteolinea
Sparganothis niteolinea is a species of tortricid moth described by Powell & Brown in 2012. The species is known from the southeastern United States, specifically Alabama, Florida, and North Carolina. As a member of the genus Sparganothis, it is related to several agricultural pest species, though specific ecological information for this particular species remains limited. The genus includes the cranberry fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana), a significant pest of cranberry and blueberry crops.
Sparganothis praecana
Sparganothis praecana is a tortricid moth with a transcontinental distribution spanning northern Europe and western North America. Adults are active during summer months in northern Europe. The species has been documented feeding on birch, blueberry, and rhododendron as larvae. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate form and S. p. habeleri restricted to the Austrian Alps.
Sparganothis pulcherrimana
Beautiful Sparganothis, Aproned Sparganothis
A tortricid moth of eastern North America, historically confused with Sparganothis niveana. The species occurs from Florida to Texas and north to at least Iowa and Ontario. Its common name "aproned" likely refers to a distinctive wing pattern feature. The distribution remains incompletely documented due to past taxonomic confusion with congeners.
Sparganothis senecionana
Sparganothis senecionana is a tortricid moth species distributed across western North America from British Columbia to Mexico and eastward to Colorado. Adults are active from April to August with one generation per year. The species exhibits broad polyphagy, with larvae feeding on flowers of diverse host plants spanning multiple families including Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and conifers.
Sparganothis sulfureana
sparganothis fruitworm moth, blueberry leafroller
Sparganothis sulfureana is a tortricid moth and major agricultural pest of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in North America. Larvae cause economic damage through two distinct feeding behaviors: spring feeding on new foliar growth reduces photosynthetic capacity, while second-generation larvae bore into enlarging berries, with each larva destroying 3–5 berries. The species is bivoltine, overwintering as first-instar larvae, and has been documented on multiple host plants including blueberry, apple, alfalfa, celery, and pine. Management relies on integrated pest management strategies including degree-day models for timing insecticide applications, flooding, and developing pheromone-based mating disruption.
Sparganothis taracana
Sparganothis taracana is a small tortricid moth described by Kearfott in 1907. The species is known from a limited number of records in the southeastern United States. Its larvae are suspected to feed on cranberry, based on the ecology of congeneric species, though direct observations remain sparse.
Sparganothis tristriata
Three-streaked Sparganothis Moth
Sparganothis tristriata is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–20 mm, distributed across eastern and central North America from Florida to Saskatchewan. The common name refers to three longitudinal streaks on the forewings. Larval host plants remain poorly documented for this species specifically.