Synonym
Guides
Bombylius ater
Bombylius ater is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, originally described by Scopoli in 1763. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Bombylella atra, though it was historically placed in the genus Bombylius. Bee flies in this group are characterized by their hairy bodies, long proboscises for nectar feeding, and parasitic larval stages. The genus Bombylius includes species that are active primarily in spring and are known for their hovering flight behavior.
Bombylius heximaculatus
Bombylius heximaculatus is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, described by Johnson & Johnson in 1975. Currently listed as a synonym of Bombylius albicapillus in the Catalogue of Life, this species belongs to the tribe Bombyliini, which includes bee flies with spring adult activity. Members of this genus are characterized by their bee-like appearance, hovering flight behavior, and parasitic larval stages that target the larvae of solitary bees and other insects.
Boreothrinax dichaetus
Boreothrinax dichaetus is a species of fly in the family Pyrgotidae, originally described by Steyskal in 1978. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Pyrgota dichaetus, reflecting taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification within the genus. Pyrgotidae are a family of parasitoid flies known for attacking scarab beetles. Records indicate no documented observations in citizen science databases, suggesting rarity or limited detection.
Botrodus estriatus
Botrodus estriatus is a small beetle species in the family Murmidiidae, a group of minute fungus beetles. The species was first described by Thomas L. Casey in 1890. GBIF currently lists this name as a synonym of Botrodus championi. Records indicate presence in North America.
Brachiacantha decora
Decorated Spurleg, decorated lady beetle
Brachiacantha decora Casey, 1899 is a North American lady beetle (family Coccinellidae) historically recognized as a distinct species. A 2020 taxonomic revision synonymized it with Brachiacantha bistripustulata (Fabricius, 1801), rendering B. decora a junior synonym. The species belongs to the dentipes species group within Brachiacantha. No independent biological data exist for B. decora as a separate taxon; all ecological information refers to the synonymized B. bistripustulata.
Brephidium exilis
Western Pygmy Blue, Pygmy Blue
Brephidium exilis, commonly known as the Western Pygmy Blue, is the smallest butterfly species in North America. Despite its diminutive size, it is widespread and relatively common across its range, though often overlooked due to its minute stature. The species belongs to the family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies) and is recognized as a synonym of Brephidium exile.
Brontaea humilis
Brontaea humilis is a small muscid fly described by Zetterstedt in 1860. It belongs to the family Muscidae, which includes house flies and related species. The species has been recorded from Norway and Sweden. Very little is known about its biology or ecology, and it appears to be rarely encountered based on limited observation records.
Cacozelia pemphusalis
Cacozelia pemphusalis is a species of snout moth described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Cacozelia albimedialis. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona.
Cafius femoralis
Cafius femoralis is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, originally described from the North Pacific region. GBIF records indicate this name is currently treated as a synonym of Cafius mutatus. The species has documented distribution records along the western coast of North America from Alaska to California, with additional records from British Columbia and Oregon.
Cagiva
Cagiva is a genus of tortricid moths (family Tortricidae) described by Pogue in 1990. It is currently treated as a synonym of the genus Cochylimorpha. The genus was established within the tribe Cochylini, subfamily Tortricinae. Records associated with this name originate from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Calaphidina
Calaphidina is a subtribe of aphids within the tribe Calaphidini and subfamily Calaphidinae, established by Oestlund in 1919. The group is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases, indicating it has been merged with or subsumed under other taxonomic concepts. Members of this group are part of the diverse aphid fauna that feed on various host plants, though specific diagnostic features distinguishing this subtribe remain poorly documented in contemporary literature.
Calleidina
Calleidina is a subtribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by Chaudoir in 1873. It is currently treated as a synonym within the tribe Lebiini (subfamily Lebiinae). The subtribe historically grouped certain genera of small to medium-sized carabid beetles, though modern taxonomic revisions have reassigned its constituent taxa. As a synonym, it no longer represents a valid grouping in contemporary classifications but persists in older literature and databases.
Calles cladotrichis
Calles cladotrichis is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae. The species was described by Pierce in 1912 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Tylodes cladotrichis. It belongs to the genus Calles, a group of weevils in the diverse superfamily Curculionoidea. Available records indicate extremely limited documentation, with only three observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Callophrys gryneus loki
Juniper Hairstreak, Olive Hairstreak
Callophrys gryneus loki is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly historically recognized from parts of the central and southern United States. The name is currently treated as a synonym in GBIF, with specimens reclassified under the nominate form Callophrys gryneus. These butterflies are associated with juniper and cedar host plants. Adults have been observed nectaring on milkweeds and other flowering plants in prairie and open woodland habitats. The taxon represents part of a complex of similar hairstreaks whose taxonomy remains under revision.
Callophrys gryneus rosneri
Rosner's Hairstreak, Juniper Hairstreak
Callophrys gryneus rosneri is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Mitoura gryneus in GBIF taxonomy, though iNaturalist maintains it as a distinct subspecies under Callophrys. The taxon was described by K. Johnson in 1976. Like other juniper hairstreaks, it is associated with juniper host plants.
Callophrys gryneus smilacis
juniper hairstreak, olive hairstreak
Callophrys gryneus smilacis is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The subspecies is currently treated as a synonym of Mitoura gryneus in some taxonomic databases. Adults are associated with juniper and hackberry-bumelia-juniper woodland habitats. The species has been documented in Oklahoma and Vermont, with observations in late August. The taxonomic status of this subspecies remains unsettled, with conflicting treatments across sources.
Callophrys gryneus thornei
Juniper Hairstreak, Thorne's Juniper Hairstreak
Callophrys gryneus thornei is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is currently considered a synonym of Callophrys thornei. The species is associated with juniper habitats and has been documented in North America. Like other members of the gryneus complex, adults likely feed on nectar from various flowers and larvae feed on juniper species.
Callophrys irus arsace
Callophrys irus arsace is a historically reported subspecies of the frosted elfin butterfly, originally described from coastal regions of the southeastern United States (Carolinas and Virginia). Genetic analysis of preserved specimens found no evidence that this subspecies is genetically distinct from the nominate subspecies C. i. irus. Field surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 failed to locate any extant populations within its historical range. The subspecies has not been observed in over two decades and may be extirpated.
Calopompilus albopilosus
Calopompilus albopilosus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The species was described by Cresson in 1867. Current taxonomy recognizes this name as a synonym of Chirodamus albopilosus. Members of the genus Calopompilus are known for their specialized predation on spiders.
Calopompilus maculipennis
Calopompilus maculipennis is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, originally described by Smith in 1855. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Chirodamus maculipennis. It belongs to the aculeate wasps, a group characterized by stinging apparatus derived from the ovipositor. As with other pompilid wasps, members of this genus are solitary hunters that provision their nests with paralyzed spiders.
Cambogia tegularia
Cambogia tegularia is a moth species described by Guenée in 1858. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Eois tegularia, a species within the subfamily Larentiinae of the Geometridae family. The genus Cambogia is no longer accepted as valid in modern taxonomy, with its species reassigned to Eois. This is a tropical geometrid moth found in the Indo-Australian region.
Cancer gracilis
Cancer gracilis is a species of true crab in the family Cancridae, originally described by Dana in 1852. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Metacarcinus gracilis. The species belongs to the diverse group of decapod crustaceans characterized by a hard carapace and ten walking legs. Like other members of the genus, it is a marine crab found in coastal waters.
Celastrina echo nigrescens
Northwestern Azure
Celastrina echo nigrescens, the Northwestern Azure, is a subspecies of the western azure butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Celastrina ladon. The subspecies was described by J. Fletcher in 1903. Like other azure butterflies, it is associated with specific host plants including California buckeye (Aesculus californica).
Cepheoidea
Cepheoidea is a superfamily of oribatid mites within the order Sarcoptiformes, established by Berlese in 1896. The group is currently treated as a synonym of Cepheusoidea in modern classifications. Oribatid mites in this group are primarily soil-dwelling decomposers.
Ceratagallia arida
Aceratagallia arida is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Ceratagallia arida by Oman in 1933. The species has been transferred to the genus Aceratagallia, though it is still frequently referenced by its original name in literature and databases. It is recorded from western North America including Alberta, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and Texas.
Ceratagallia curta
Ceratagallia curta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Oman in 1933. It is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia curta in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing uncertainty in generic placement within the Megophthalminae subfamily. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona, USA and Mexico.
Ceratagallia inconspicua
Ceratagallia inconspicua is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia inconspicua in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this genus. It has been recorded from the southwestern United States including Arizona, California, and Nevada. As a member of the leafhopper family Cicadellidae, it belongs to a group known for plant-feeding habits and potential role as vectors of plant pathogens, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Ceratagallia nana
Ceratagallia nana is a small leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Oman in 1933. It belongs to a genus of minute leafhoppers within the tribe Agalliini. The species is currently considered a synonym of Aceratagallia nana in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this group. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona.
Ceratagallia nanella nanella
Ceratagallia nanella nanella is a subspecies of leafhopper originally described from Arizona by Oman in 1933. It is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia nanella, reflecting taxonomic revisions that merged the genus Ceratagallia into Aceratagallia. The subspecies designation has not been maintained in recent literature. Records are limited to the type locality region.
Ceratagallia nitidula
Ceratagallia nitidula is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Oman in 1933. The species has been reclassified under the genus Aceratagallia in some taxonomic treatments, and is currently considered a synonym of Aceratagallia nitidula in major biodiversity databases. It belongs to the tribe Agalliini within the subfamily Megophthalminae. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona, USA and Mexico.
Ceratagallia obscura
Ceratagallia obscura is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Aceratagallia obscura. The species has been recorded from western North America including Arizona, California, Oregon, and Ontario, Canada. Very little specific biological information is available for this taxon.
Ceratagallia robusta whitcombi
Ceratagallia robusta whitcombi is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Hamilton in 1998. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia robusta, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within the Agalliini tribe. It is recorded from several southeastern and southwestern U.S. states.
Ceratocapsus punctulatus
Ceratocapsus punctulatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The species was described by Reuter in 1876 and is currently considered a synonym of Ceratocapsus cubanus. Records indicate occurrence in Brazil and Cuba. As a member of the genus Ceratocapsus, it belongs to a group of mirid plant bugs commonly attracted to lights at night.
Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis
Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis is a subspecies of the crabronid wasp C. flavofasciata, described by Banks in 1915. It is currently treated as a synonym in taxonomic databases. The parent species belongs to a genus of solitary, ground-nesting predatory wasps that specialize on particular beetle prey. While specific information for this subspecies is sparse, congeners such as C. fumipennis have been extensively studied for their role in biosurveillance of invasive buprestid beetles.
Chiomara georgina
Chiomara georgina is a species of skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) described by Reakirt in 1868. According to GBIF taxonomy records, this name is currently treated as a synonym of Chiomara asychis. The genus Chiomara comprises Neotropical skippers, though specific ecological details for this nominal species remain poorly documented in available sources.
Chlorops crocota
Chlorops crocota is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, described by Loew in 1863. It is currently treated as a synonym of Chlorops crocotus. Chloropidae are small, often yellowish flies commonly known as grass flies or frit flies, many of which are associated with grasses and cereal crops. The specific biology and ecology of this nominal taxon remain poorly documented due to its synonymized status.
Chlorops rufescens
Chlorops rufescens is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, order Diptera. The species was described by Roser in 1840. A junior synonym, Chlorops rufescens Oldenberg, 1923, has been published but the Roser authorship takes priority. The species belongs to the genus Chlorops, a diverse group of small flies commonly known as grass flies or frit flies. As with many Chloropidae, detailed natural history information for this specific species remains limited in published literature.
Chrysops celatus
deer fly
Chrysops celatus is a species of deer fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Pechuman in 1949. It exhibits diel host-seeking activity patterns and has been recorded in northwest Florida and Vermont, USA. The species is currently considered a synonym of Chrysops atlanticus by some taxonomic authorities.
Chrysops cincticornis
Ring-clawed Deer Fly
Chrysops cincticornis is a deer fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Walker in 1848. It is commonly known as the Ring-clawed Deer Fly. The species has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States, with 291 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Research on this species has focused on its oviposition behavior and fecundity, with laboratory studies showing females deposit eggs in gelatinous masses on mud substrates near water, averaging 156 eggs per female.
deer-flyTabanidaeDipteramedical-entomologyovipositionfecundityring-clawed-deer-flyVermontUnited-Statesmud-substrategelatinous-egg-massChrysopsinaeChrysopsiniWalker-1848iNaturalistlaboratory-rearingegg-mass156-eggsrange-42-312near-watermud-like-substrateegg-depositionreproductionbehavioral-studymedical-entomology-researchinsect-vectorsbiting-fliestabanid-flieshorse-fliesdeer-fliesChrysopsNorth-AmericaNew-Englandobservation-recordssynonym-status-in-Catalogue-of-Lifeaccepted-status-in-GBIFarthropodinsectflyBrachyceraTabanomorphaHexapodaPterygotaAnimaliaArthropodaInsectacincticornisChrysops-cincticornis-Walker-1848Chrysops-(Chrysops)-cincticornisdeerflyhorseflytabanidbiting-flyvectoroviposition-behaviorfecundity-studyJournal-of-Medical-Entomology198210.1093/jmedent/19.5.597gelatinous-secretionmudwaterlaboratory-conditionsmean-fecundityegg-productionreproductive-biologyentomologyinsect-behaviorinsect-reproductiondipterantrue-flytwo-winged-flynematoceranCyclorrhaphaAschizaSchizophoraAcalyptrataeCalyptrataeOestroideaMuscoideaHippoboscoideaGlossinidaeCalliphoridaeSarcophagidaeMuscidaeFanniidaeAnthomyiidaeScathophagidaeOestridaeTachinidaeSiphonapteraPhthirapteraHemipteraColeopteraLepidopteraHymenopteraNeuropteraMegalopteraRaphidiopteraTrichopteraStrepsipteraMecopteraDipluraProturaCollembolaZygentomaArchaeognathaEphemeropteraOdonataPlecopteraGrylloblattodeaMantophasmatodeaPhasmatodeaOrthopteraDermapteraEmbiopteraZorapteraIsopteraBlattodeaMantodeaPhyllodocidaNotopteraWalker1848speciestaxongelatinoushabitatdistributionGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIlaboratory-studybehaviorlife-cyclesubstratemud-likemeanrange42-312femaleobservationrecordspecimencollectionmuseumresearchstudyarticleabstractDOIbiologyecologyhorse-flyacceptedsynonymtaxonomyclassificationUS291-observationslaboratory291-iNaturalist-observationsGBIF-distribution-recordsaccepted-species-statussynonym-in-Catalogue-of-Life156-eggs-mean-fecundityrange-42-312-eggs1982-Journal-of-Medical-Entomology-publicationDOI-10.1093/jmedent/19.5.597entomology-researchdipteran-biologyChrysops clavicornis
deer fly
Chrysops clavicornis is a species of deer fly in the family Tabanidae, described by Brennan in 1935. It belongs to the genus Chrysops, a diverse group of biting flies commonly known as deer flies or yellow flies. The species is characterized by clubbed antennae, as indicated by its specific epithet 'clavicornis' (from Latin clavus = club, cornu = horn). Like other members of the genus, it is likely a blood-feeding fly with females requiring blood meals for egg development.
Cicindela patruela huberi
Huber's Tiger Beetle
Cicindela patruela huberi is a subspecies of the northern barred tiger beetle, described by Johnson in 1989. GBIF lists this taxon as a synonym, suggesting taxonomic uncertainty or consolidation with other forms. The parent species C. patruela is associated with sandy forest habitats in the upper Midwest of North America. This subspecific epithet honors an individual named Huber, likely in recognition of contributions to tiger beetle study.
Cicindela tranquebarica arida
Death Valley Tiger Beetle
Cicindela tranquebarica arida is a subspecies of the oblique-lined tiger beetle, known by the common name Death Valley Tiger Beetle. It is currently considered a synonym of Cicindela arida. The species to which it belongs, C. tranquebarica, is a spring-fall active tiger beetle found in open, sandy to clay habitats across North America, with adults typically present for only a few weeks. The subspecific epithet 'arida' suggests an association with arid environments.
Clivina vespertina
Clivina vespertina is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described by Putzeys in 1867. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Semiclivina vespertina, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within the genus Clivina and related genera. It belongs to the tribe Clivinini within the subfamily Scaritinae, a group of small, fossorial ground beetles. The species has been recorded from the United States and Uruguay.
Codatractus valeriana
Codatractus valeriana is a skipper butterfly (Hesperiidae) originally described from Middle America. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with current treatment placing it in the genus Thorybes as Thorybes valeriana, rendering Codatractus valeriana a synonym. Records indicate presence in both Middle and North America. As a hesperiid, it likely exhibits the characteristic rapid, darting flight pattern of skippers, though specific behavioral details remain poorly documented.
Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus
Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus is a subspecies of katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It belongs to the genus Conocephalus, commonly known as meadow katydids or coneheads. The subspecies is currently listed as a synonym in taxonomic databases.
Cophura albosetosa
Cophura albosetosa is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Hine in 1908. It is currently considered a synonym of Cophura scitula. The genus Cophura belongs to the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, a group of predatory flies known for their agile flight and ambush hunting behavior. As a synonym, this name is no longer used in valid taxonomic classification.
Cratotocha ampliata
Cratotocha ampliata is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Plakidas in 2017. It was originally described as Anaretella ampliata and later transferred to the genus Cratotocha. As a member of the subfamily Lestremiinae, it belongs to a group of cecidomyiids whose larvae typically develop in association with fungi or decaying organic matter rather than forming plant galls. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Anaretella ampliata in some taxonomic databases.
Crypticerya townsendi
Townsend's giant scale bug
Crypticerya townsendi is a species of giant scale insect in the family Monophlebidae (sometimes historically placed in Margarodidae). It was originally described by Cockerell in 1899 and is currently considered a synonym of Steatococcus townsendi in some taxonomic treatments, though it remains listed under Crypticerya in other sources including iNaturalist and NCBI. The species is known from the United States and belongs to a group of large, often conspicuous scale insects commonly referred to as 'giant scale bugs.'
Cryptocheilus terminatus terminatus
Cryptocheilus terminatus terminatus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The genus Cryptocheilus is known for hunting spiders to provision nests for their larvae. This subspecies was described by Thomas Say in 1828. It is currently treated as a synonym of Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum in some taxonomic databases. Records indicate it has been observed in North America, specifically in association with flowering saltcedar (Tamarix) in Colorado.
Cupido amyntula maritima
Cupido amyntula maritima is a subspecies of the eastern tailed-blue butterfly described by Leblanc in 1985. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym of Elkalyce amyntula, with records from Vermont and the United States. It belongs to the family Lycaenidae, a diverse group of small butterflies commonly known as gossamer-wings or blues.