Cicadellidae
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Graphocephala atropunctata
blue-green sharpshooter
Graphocephala atropunctata, commonly known as the blue-green sharpshooter, is a xylem-feeding leafhopper native to the western United States. It is the principal native vector of Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterium that causes Pierce's disease in grapevines. This species has been extensively studied for its feeding behaviors using electropenetrography (EPG) techniques, which have characterized distinct waveform patterns associated with stylet penetration and xylem ingestion. Its role as a disease vector makes it economically significant to California's vineyard industry.
Graphocephala aurora
Graphocephala aurora is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898 under the name Tettigonia aurora. As a member of the genus Graphocephala, it shares the distinctive characteristics of this group, including colorful patterning and association with the subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters). The species is known from limited distributional records in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea
Red-banded Leafhopper, Candystriped Leafhopper, Scarlet-and-Green Leafhopper
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Red-banded Leafhopper or Candystriped Leafhopper. This subspecies is restricted to coastal areas along the Atlantic seaboard of North America, where it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Adults measure 5.7–8.4 mm in length, with females slightly larger than males. The species produces brochosomes, unique nanoparticles that render its exoskeleton superhydrophobic and anti-reflective.
Graphocephala confluens
Willow Leafhopper
A sharpshooter leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, Graphocephala confluens is a western North American species closely related to the more widely known candy-striped leafhopper (G. coccinea). Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic brochosome coating that makes leafhoppers superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is associated with willow and other woody plants in riparian and wetland habitats.
Graphocephala constricta
Graphocephala constricta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. As a member of the genus Graphocephala, it shares the distinctive colorful patterning characteristic of sharpshooters in this group. The species is documented from a limited number of observations in the south-central United States. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it possesses brochosomes—specialized nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle.
Graphocephala cythura
Graphocephala cythura is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, characterized by its membership in a genus known for brightly colored and patterned sharpshooters. Like other Graphocephala species, it possesses brochosomes—unique nanoparticles that confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton. The species occurs in western North America and has been introduced to Hawaii.
Graphocephala hieroglyphica atra
Graphocephala hieroglyphica atra is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of the genus Graphocephala, it possesses brochosomes—protein-lipid nanoparticles produced in the Malpighian tubules and applied to the body surface using comb-like spines on the hind legs. These brochosomes render the cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The subspecies designation 'atra' indicates a dark or black coloration variant of the species G. hieroglyphica. Leafhoppers in this genus are plant feeders that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract xylem fluids.
Graphocephala lugubris
Graphocephala lugubris is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Signoret in 1854. It belongs to a genus known for colorful, patterned species commonly called sharpshooters. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it likely possesses brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties. The species has been recorded in the south-central United States.
Graphocephala marathonensis
Graphocephala marathonensis is a little-known leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Olsen in 1918. It belongs to a genus noted for colorful, patterned species often called 'sharpshooters.' The species has been documented from Texas and Michoacán, Mexico, but remains poorly studied compared to congeners like G. coccinea. Available information on its biology is sparse, with host-plant associations and seasonality noted as subjects requiring further investigation.
Graphocephala minuenda
Graphocephala minuenda is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong and Currie in 1960. It belongs to the genus Graphocephala, which includes several colorful sharpshooter leafhoppers found in North America. The species is recorded from the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, and New Mexico. Like other members of its genus, it likely possesses the characteristic brochosome coating that gives leafhoppers their water-repellent and anti-reflective properties.
Graphocephala n-sp-az-i
Graphocephala n-sp-az-i is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, a group of plant-feeding true bugs known for their vibrant coloration and distinctive morphology. Like other members of the genus Graphocephala, this species is expected to exhibit the characteristic sharpshooter body plan with bold patterning. Leafhoppers in this genus are notable for producing brochosomes—unique nanoparticles that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to their exoskeletons. The specific epithet "n-sp-az-i" suggests this may be an undescribed or provisionally designated species, potentially from Arizona based on the naming convention.
Graphocephala subrufa
Graphocephala subrufa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong & Currie in 1960. It belongs to a genus known for colorful, patterned species often called sharpshooters. Like other Graphocephala, it likely exhibits the characteristic features of the genus including vibrant coloration and association with plant-feeding habits. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Graphocephala uhleri
Graphocephala uhleri is a species of sharpshooter leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. As a member of the genus Graphocephala, it belongs to a group known for vivid coloration and distinctive patterning. The species was described by Ball in 1901 and occurs in western North America. Like other leafhoppers, it possesses specialized hind legs adapted for jumping and produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that confer water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its cuticle.
Graphocephala versuta
Versute Sharpshooter
Graphocephala versuta is a species of sharpshooter leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. It is a member of the genus Graphocephala, which includes several colorful and economically significant leafhopper species. Like other sharpshooters, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant xylem fluids. The species has been documented in various North American habitats and is part of the diverse leafhopper fauna that includes vectors of plant pathogens.
Graphocraerus
Graphocraerus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, established by Thomson in 1869. The genus contains at least two described species: Graphocraerus ventralis (described 1806) and Graphocraerus montanus (described 1994). It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Athysanini. Members of this genus are found in northern Europe.
Graphocraerus ventralis
Graphocraerus ventralis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Fallén in 1806. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Athysanini. The species has been recorded across parts of Europe and Asia, with distribution records from regions including Abruzzo (Italy), Almaty and Altay (Kazakhstan), Bashkortostan and Belgorod (Russia). As a leafhopper, it is a member of the diverse Hemiptera order characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Grypotes puncticollis
Grypotes puncticollis is a deltocephaline leafhopper and the sole species in the monotypic genus Grypotes. It is a Palaearctic species whose eastern distributional margin is defined by records from Kazakhstan. The species belongs to the tribe Athysanini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae.
Gypona
Gypona is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, established by Germar in 1821. It is the largest genus within the tribe Gyponini. Species of this genus are found in South America, with documented records from Brazil. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, including synonymization of Gypona validana under Gypona nigronervosa.
Gypona melanota
Gypona melanota is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Spångberg in 1878. As a member of the genus Gypona, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat its exoskeleton and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been documented in several North American regions including Alberta, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, and Georgia. Brochosomes of Gypona species feature distinctive angular, geometric pit structures compared to the smoother brochosomes of some related genera.
Gypona verticalis
Gypona verticalis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1864. As a member of the Gyponini tribe, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by their broad, somewhat flattened body form. The genus Gypona is notable for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the body and provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. This species has been recorded from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Gyponana angulata
Gyponana angulata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, characterized by its production of brochosomes—microscopic nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton. The species was first described by Spångberg in 1878 under the basionym Gypona angulata. Brochosomes produced by Gyponana species feature distinctive angular, geometric pit structures compared to the smoother, more circular brochosomes of some other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the body using comb-like spines on the hind legs.
Gyponana avara
Gyponana avara is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a highly water-repellent and anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented in the eastern United States.
Gyponana cacumina
Gyponana cacumina is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the northeastern United States and Arizona.
Gyponana cf-protenta
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, Gyponana cf-protenta is distinguished by its production of brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings. These particles, formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like hind leg spines, create a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species is part of a genus known for brochosomes with distinctly angled, geometric pit morphology compared to smoother forms in related genera. Research on this taxon contributes to bioinspired materials science.
Gyponana expanda
Laminate Leafhopper
Gyponana expanda is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded in several Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. states. Leafhoppers in this genus are known for their distinctive brochosome morphology, which features more angled, geometric pits compared to brochosomes of some other leafhopper genera.
Gyponana flavilineata
Gyponana flavilineata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
Gyponana geminata
Gyponana geminata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Osborn in 1905. Like other leafhoppers in the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, rendering them superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature distinctively angled, geometric pits that differ morphologically from those of other leafhopper genera. This species has been documented in northeastern North America.
Gyponana gibbera
Gyponana gibbera is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, it produces distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its cuticle. The species has been recorded in Florida.
Gyponana gladia
Gyponana gladia is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it possesses distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles produced in the Malpighian tubules that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body and wings. The species has been documented at blacklight traps in autumn, suggesting nocturnal activity patterns. It is one of many small, often overlooked leafhopper species that contribute to the high diversity of Hemiptera in North American temperate regions.
Gyponana hasta
Gyponana hasta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. It is currently treated as a synonym of Gyponana angulata in major taxonomic databases. The species has been documented as a vector of California aster-yellows virus. Like other members of genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body surface.
Gyponana mali
Gyponana mali is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat its body for water repellency and anti-reflective camouflage. The species has been recorded in parts of eastern North America including Georgia, Illinois, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Ontario. As a member of the Gyponini tribe, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by particular morphological and ecological traits, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published literature.
Gyponana ortha
Gyponana ortha is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it is known to produce brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the exoskeleton. The species has been documented in the eastern and midwestern United States, including records from Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and the District of Columbia. Like other leafhoppers, it is a plant-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Gyponana palma
Gyponana palma is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat its body and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been documented in scattered records across the eastern and central United States.
Gyponana parallela
Gyponana parallela is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been recorded from the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and Washington State. Like other leafhoppers, it is a plant-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Gyponana pollex
Gyponana pollex is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 2017. Like other members of its genus, this species produces distinctive brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body and wings. The brochosomes of Gyponana species are characterized by more angled, geometric surface pits compared to the smoother brochosomes of some related genera. This species has been documented in New Hampshire.
Gyponana procera
Gyponana procera is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Leafhoppers in this genus are characterized by producing brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on their exoskeletons. G. procera is one of many small leafhopper species that contribute to the remarkable diversity of this group in North America.
Gyponana pruinosa
Gyponana pruinosa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, currently considered a synonym of Gyponana flavilineata. Leafhoppers in this genus are small, often colorful insects that feed on plant sap. The species has been documented in blacklight surveys in autumn, suggesting nocturnal activity or attraction to light sources. Members of Gyponana are among the diverse leafhopper fauna found in North American yards and natural areas, with most species measuring under five millimeters in body length.
Gyponana quebecensis
Gyponana quebecensis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described from Quebec in 1872. As a member of genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states including Florida, Illinois, Maine, Montana, and New Hampshire.
Gyponana scrupulosa
Gyponana scrupulosa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a water-repellent, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been documented in several U.S. states including Illinois, Kansas, Florida, Georgia, and the District of Columbia. It is attracted to blacklight traps and has been collected in autumn.
Gyponana sonora
Gyponana sonora is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1982. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton. Brochosomes from Gyponana species have been documented to feature more angled, geometric surface pits compared to those of other leafhopper genera. The species is associated with the Sonoran Desert region, as indicated by its specific epithet.
Gyponana striata
Gyponana striata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, order Hemiptera. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body surface. The species has been documented from western and northeastern North America, with records from British Columbia to California and eastward to Connecticut and Delaware. Brochosomes of Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric surface pits compared to the smoother, more circular brochosomes of some related genera.
Gyponana tenella
Gyponana tenella is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. Leafhoppers in the genus Gyponana have been documented producing distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a water-repellent, anti-reflective coating on the exoskeleton. The species has been recorded in multiple U.S. states including California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, and Illinois. As a member of the subfamily Iassinae, it belongs to a diverse group of plant-feeding insects typically associated with woody vegetation.
Gyponini
Gyponini is a tribe of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) in the subfamily Iassinae, comprising approximately 60 genera and over 1,300 described species. Formerly treated as a subfamily, it is now classified within Iassinae. The tribe is restricted to the Americas, with species distributed from North America through Central America to South America. Gyponini is taxonomically diverse and has been the subject of extensive revisionary work, including numerous new species descriptions and generic reclassifications.
Hamana
Hamana is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Iassinae, established by DeLong in 1942. These insects belong to the tribe Gyponini and are part of the diverse leafhopper fauna within the Hemiptera. The genus is recognized in major taxonomic databases including Catalogue of Life, GBIF, and NCBI Taxonomy. Species within Hamana are distributed across various regions, with 576 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Like other leafhoppers, members of this genus are sap-feeding insects associated with vegetation.
Hamana lekva
Hamana lekva is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong and Freytag in 1966. It belongs to the tribe Gyponini within the subfamily Iassinae. Like other members of this genus, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding insect associated with vascular plants. The species has no documented observations in public biodiversity databases.
Hamana manifesta
Hamana manifesta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. It belongs to the tribe Gyponini within the subfamily Iassinae, a group of relatively robust leafhoppers often associated with woody vegetation. The genus Hamana comprises multiple species distributed primarily in North America. Records indicate this species has been documented in Texas.
Hebata alboscripta
Hebata alboscripta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to the large subfamily Deltocephalinae and is currently known only from California. The species name "alboscripta" refers to white markings on the body. Like other leafhoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Hebata bifurcata
Hebata bifurcata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1931. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species has been documented in several eastern U.S. states.
Hebata nigroscuta
Hebata nigroscuta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It is one of several described species within the genus Hebata, a group of small, often colorful leafhoppers in the tribe Erythroneurini. The species is characterized by distinctive dark markings on the scutellum. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with woody vegetation and feeds on plant phloem.
Hebata ruficeps
Hebata ruficeps is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. The species is known from California, with very few documented observations. Like other members of the family, it likely feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Data on its biology and ecology remain limited due to its rarity in collections and observations.