Stonefly
Guides
Salmoperla sylvanica
Salmoperla sylvanica is a species of stonefly in the family Perlodidae, described in 1987 from California. It belongs to the tribe Arcynopterygini within the subfamily Perlodinae. Like other perlodid stoneflies, it is associated with freshwater habitats. The species is known from very few records, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist.
Sierraperla cora
Giant Roachfly, Italian Garlic
Sierraperla cora is a species of stonefly in the family Peltoperlidae, commonly known as the giant roachfly or Italian garlic. The species is characterized by its roach-like appearance, a trait shared by members of its family. It is native to western North America, with documented records from California, Nevada, and Oregon. The species was originally described as Peltoperla cora by Needham and Smith in 1916 before being transferred to the genus Sierraperla.
Skwala americana
American springfly
Skwala americana, commonly known as the American springfly, is a species of stonefly in the family Perlodidae. It is distributed across western North America, with records from Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, and other regions. As a member of the order Plecoptera, it has an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage, typical of stoneflies.
Skwala curvata
Curved Springfly
Skwala curvata, commonly known as the curved springfly, is a stonefly species in the family Perlodidae. It was described by Hanson in 1942 and is found in western North America.
Soliperla sierra
Soliperla sierra is a stonefly species in the family Peltoperlidae, first described by Stark in 1983. The species is notable for its vibrational communication system, with male call and response signals described for the first time in a 2023 study. Males produce repeated monophasic call signals consisting of one to six signals with inconsistent inter-call intervals. Females respond with sequenced monophasic answers that do not follow all male calls, and occasional three-way exchanges occur when males respond to female answers. The species is known from California.
Soyedina
Soyedina is a genus of small stoneflies in the family Nemouridae, endemic to the Nearctic region. The genus was originally described as a subgenus of Nemoura by Ricker in 1952 and elevated to full genus status by Illies in 1966. It currently contains 11 described species, many of which are difficult to distinguish without examination of male genitalia. Species are distributed across North America from the Appalachian Highlands to western North America.
Soyedina nevadensis
Nevada Forestfly
Soyedina nevadensis is a species of stonefly in the family Nemouridae, commonly known as the Nevada Forestfly. It was described by Claassen in 1923. The species belongs to the order Plecoptera, a group of aquatic insects whose nymphs typically inhabit cold, clean streams.
Soyedina washingtoni
vernal forestfly
Soyedina washingtoni, commonly known as the vernal forestfly, is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae. It was first described by Claassen in 1923 under the basionym Nemoura washingtoni. As a member of the order Plecoptera, it belongs to a group of aquatic insects whose nymphal stages develop in freshwater habitats.
Susulus venustus
Susulus venustus is a stonefly species in the family Perlodidae, described by Jewett in 1965. It belongs to the genus Susulus within the tribe Perlodini. The species is known from California in western North America. As a member of the Plecoptera order, it is part of the aquatic insect community associated with freshwater habitats.
Suwallia
green stoneflies
Suwallia is a genus of green stoneflies (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) in the tribe Suwalliini, comprising more than 20 described species. The genus is distributed across the East Palearctic and Nearctic regions, including Russia, Mongolia, Japan, North America, and China. Adult males possess distinctive genitalic structures used for species identification, such as specialized sclerites on tergum X. The genus was established by Ricker in 1943.
Sweltsa borealis
Boreal Sallfly
Sweltsa borealis, known as the boreal sallfly, is a species of green stonefly in the family Chloroperlidae. It is native to North America with documented records from Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, and Colorado. As a member of the Chloroperlidae family, it belongs to a group commonly referred to as green stoneflies or sallflies. The species was first described by Banks in 1895.
Sweltsa coloradensis
Colorado Sallfly
Sweltsa coloradensis, known as the Colorado sallfly, is a green stonefly species in the family Chloroperlidae. It is found in western North America, with records from Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, and Arizona. Like other members of its family, it likely inhabits cold, clean streams. The species was described by Nathan Banks in 1898.
Sweltsa lateralis
Curved Sallfly
Sweltsa lateralis, commonly known as the curved sallfly, is a species of green stonefly in the family Chloroperlidae. It was first described by Nathan Banks in 1911 under the basionym Alloperla lateralis. The species is found in eastern North America, with records from Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, and other states. Like other members of Chloroperlidae, it is associated with clean, cool freshwater habitats.
Sweltsa naica
Northeastern Sallfly
Sweltsa naica, commonly known as the northeastern sallfly, is a species of green stonefly in the family Chloroperlidae. It is known from a restricted distribution in northeastern North America. The species was described by Provancher in 1876. As a member of Chloroperlidae, it belongs to a family commonly referred to as green stoneflies or sallflies.
Sweltsa onkos
Ontario Sallfly
Sweltsa onkos, commonly known as the Ontario sallfly, is a species of green stonefly in the family Chloroperlidae. It belongs to the order Plecoptera, an ancient group of aquatic insects. The species has been documented in northeastern North America.
Taenionema
winter stoneflies
Taenionema is a genus of winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) comprising approximately 14 described species. The genus was established by Banks in 1905 with Taenionema analis as the type species. Species are distributed across the Nearctic and eastern Palearctic regions, with 13 species native to North America and one species (T. japonicum) ranging across Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and northeastern China. A second Eastern Hemisphere species, T. sinensis, was described in 2023 from southeastern China.
Taenionema atlanticum
Atlantic willowfly
Taenionema atlanticum, known as the Atlantic willowfly, is a species of winter stonefly in the family Taeniopterygidae. It was described by Ricker & Ross in 1975. The species is known from a limited number of observations and records in eastern North America.
Taenionema californicum
California willowfly
Taenionema californicum, commonly known as the California willowfly, is a species of winter stonefly in the family Taeniopterygidae. It is native to North America, with documented presence in California. As a member of the order Plecoptera, it is associated with freshwater habitats. The species was first described by Needham and Claassen in 1925.
Tallaperla maria
common roachfly
Tallaperla maria, commonly known as the common roachfly, is a stonefly species in the family Peltoperlidae. It is found in North America, with records from Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, and Kentucky. The species has been studied at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, where research examined its abundance, life history, and production alongside the related Peltoperla arcuata.
Utacapnia
small winter stoneflies
Utacapnia is a genus of small winter stoneflies in the family Capniidae. The genus contains approximately 11 described species, most of which were first described by entomologists Alan V. Nebeker and Arden R. Gaufin during the 1960s. Species in this genus are primarily distributed in the Rocky Mountains of North America. As winter stoneflies, members of this genus are active during cold months, a trait characteristic of the family Capniidae.
Utacapnia trava
Yellowstone Snowfly
Utacapnia trava, commonly known as the Yellowstone snowfly, is a small winter stonefly in the family Capniidae. It is one of approximately 16 species in the genus Utacapnia, which is endemic to western North America. The species was originally described as Capnia trava in 1965 before being transferred to Utacapnia. Like other winter stoneflies, adults are active during cold months when most other insects are dormant.
Visoka
Visoka is a genus of small winter stoneflies in the family Nemouridae, established by Ricker in 1952. These insects are part of the order Plecoptera, a group of aquatic insects whose nymphs inhabit cold, well-oxygenated freshwater environments. The genus has been recorded from western North America including Alberta, Alaska, British Columbia, California, and Idaho. As with other nemourids, adults are typically small with reduced wing venation.
Visoka cataractae
Cataract Forestfly
Visoka cataractae is a species of stonefly in the family Nemouridae, commonly known as the Cataract Forestfly. It is a small, winter-emerging stonefly distributed across western North America from Alaska to California. The species was originally described as Nemoura cataractae by Neave in 1933 before being transferred to the genus Visoka. Like other nemourids, it is associated with forested stream habitats.
Yoraperla
roach-like stoneflies
Yoraperla is a genus of stoneflies in the family Peltoperlidae, commonly known as "roach-like stoneflies" due to their resemblance to cockroaches. The genus contains eight described species distributed across North America and Asia. Yoraperla was established by Ricker in 1952 and is classified within the subfamily Peltoperlinae.
Yugus
Yugus is a genus of stoneflies in the family Perlodidae, established by Ricker in 1952. Members of this genus are part of the diverse Nearctic stonefly fauna, with documented occurrence in the eastern United States. As with other perlodid stoneflies, they are aquatic insects with nymphal stages in streams and rivers. The genus is classified within the tribe Perlodini, reflecting close relationships with other genera in this group.
Zapada
forestflies, spring stoneflies, little brown stoneflies
Zapada is a genus of small spring stoneflies in the family Nemouridae, commonly known as forestflies or little brown stoneflies. The genus contains at least 10 described species distributed across western North America, from Alaska and the Rocky Mountains to California. Adults are 5–8 mm in body length and emerge in early spring, often February through April depending on elevation and species. Nymphs are aquatic shredders that process leaf litter and other organic matter in cold, well-oxygenated streams.
Zapada cinctipes
Common Forestfly
Zapada cinctipes, the common forestfly, is a small spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae. Adults measure 5–8 mm in body length and emerge primarily from mid-March to mid-April, with some appearing as early as late February. The species is univoltine, completing one generation per year. Nymphs are aquatic shredders that feed on decaying leaf material in flowing waters.
Zapada columbiana
Columbian forestfly
Zapada columbiana is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae, commonly known as the Columbian forestfly. It is a small stonefly with a life cycle spanning 2-3 years in Rocky Mountain streams. The species is notable for retaining cervical gills into adulthood, a diagnostic feature of the genus. Nymphs are shredders that feed on moss and detritus, playing a significant role in stream ecosystem nutrient cycling.
Zapada cordillera
Cordilleran Forestfly
Zapada cordillera is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae, commonly known as the Cordilleran Forestfly. Described in 1971 from specimens in the western United States, this small aquatic insect is part of a genus whose nymphs are characterized by distinctive branched cervical gills retained into adulthood. As a member of the Nemouridae, it contributes to stream ecosystem function as a leaf-shredding detritivore and serves as an indicator of water quality in its montane habitat.
Zapada frigida
Frigid Forestfly
Zapada frigida is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae, commonly known as the Frigid Forestfly. Like other members of the genus Zapada, adults retain diagnostic branched cervical gills from the nymphal stage, with two sets of branched gills on each side of the body. The species has been documented from western North America including Alberta, Alaska, British Columbia, California, and Colorado.