Typhlocybinae
Guides
Empoa vestita
Empoa vestita is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by McAtee in 1926. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been recorded from several north-central U.S. states including Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, and New Hampshire.
Empoasca
Empoasca is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae) containing approximately 20 described species. Several species are significant agricultural pests, most notably Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper), which causes hopperburn injury to over 200 plant species including potatoes, alfalfa, and beans. Members of this genus are characterized by their small size, typically bright green coloration, and production of brochosomes—unique nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on their bodies. The genus has a wide distribution with some species showing strong migratory behavior.
Empoasca
Empoasca n-species is a leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, a group of small plant-feeding insects known for their piercing-sucking mouthparts and economically significant pest status. Leafhoppers in this genus are recognized for causing "hopperburn" damage to crops through their toxic saliva. The specific epithet "n-species" indicates this is an undescribed or placeholder designation for a species within the diverse Empoasca genus, which contains numerous agricultural pests including the potato leafhopper (E. fabae) and the tea green leafhopper (E. onukii).
Empoasca fabae
potato leafhopper
Empoasca fabae, commonly known as the potato leafhopper, is a small, lime-green leafhopper native to North America and a significant agricultural pest. It migrates northward annually from Gulf States to the Midwest and eastern United States, causing damage to over 200 plant species. The species feeds on plant sap and injects a toxin that causes 'hopperburn'—characteristic drying, curling, and rotting of plant tissues. Climate warming has been linked to earlier arrival dates (approximately 10 days earlier than in the 1950s) and more severe infestations in warmer years. It completes one to two generations per year in northern regions like Québec, with population peaks occurring in June-July.
Empoasca hastosa
Empoasca hastosa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Ross and Moore in 1957. The species is part of the large and economically significant genus Empoasca, which includes several major agricultural pests. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Florida and Cuba (CU), with the DO code likely representing the Dominican Republic. Like other Empoasca species, E. hastosa likely shares the characteristic leafhopper morphology and plant-feeding habits of the genus, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Empoasca kittelbergeri
Empoasca kittelbergeri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Chandler in 2017. It belongs to the genus Empoasca, a large and economically significant group of leafhoppers that includes several major agricultural pests. The species is known from New Hampshire, USA. Like other Empoasca species, it likely shares the characteristic bright coloration and small size typical of the genus, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited due to its recent description.
Empoascina
Empoascina is a subtribe of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) established by Distant in 1908. Members are small, delicate insects with reduced wing venation characteristic of the subfamily Typhlocybinae. The subtribe contains economically significant pest species, including the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) and other Empoasca species that damage agricultural crops through feeding and virus transmission. Empoascina leafhoppers are distributed globally with highest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions.
Erasmoneura
Erasmoneura is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae containing approximately 14 described species, most of which are native to North America. The genus includes E. vulnerata, a significant grapevine pest that has become invasive in Europe. Erasmoneura species are associated with Vitaceae host plants, with documented feeding on grapevines (Vitis spp.) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus spp.). The genus is characterized by small size, typical of the Typhlocybinae subfamily, and members use vibrational communication for mating.
Erasmoneura atra
Erasmoneura atra is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Johnson in 1935. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini, a group of small, often colorful leafhoppers commonly known as sharpshooters. The species is known from the northeastern United States, with records from Maryland and New Hampshire.
Erasmoneura emeljanovi
Erasmoneura emeljanovi is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described in 2007. It belongs to a genus of small, often colorful leafhoppers distributed primarily in the Nearctic region. The species is part of the diverse Erythroneurini tribe, whose members feed on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Like other Erasmoneura species, it likely inhabits herbaceous vegetation and woody plants. Detailed biological studies on this particular species remain limited.
Erasmoneura margaritae
Erasmoneura margaritae is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Dmitriev and Dietrich in 2007. It belongs to the large and diverse subfamily Typhlocybinae, which contains many economically important agricultural pests. The genus Erasmoneura is part of the tribe Erythroneurini, a group of small, often colorful leafhoppers found primarily in the Nearctic region. As with other members of its family, this species possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular tissues.
Erasmoneura nigra
Erasmoneura nigra is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Gillette in 1898. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini, a group known for their small size and association with plant feeding. Distribution records indicate occurrence in northeastern and north-central North America.
Erasmoneura rubricata
Erasmoneura rubricata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by Van Duzee in 1909. Members of this genus are small, delicate leafhoppers characterized by distinctive color patterns. The specific epithet "rubricata" suggests reddish coloration.
Erasmoneura vulnerata
Wounded Leafhopper
Erasmoneura vulnerata is a small leafhopper native to North America that has become an invasive pest in European vineyards since its first detection in Italy in 2004. Adults measure 2.7–3.2 mm in length and exhibit seasonal color dimorphism. The species completes 2–3 generations per year, with nymphal development taking 16–20 days. Feeding on grapevine mesophyll causes characteristic pale speckled lesions, leaf curling, and premature defoliation. In its invaded range, it poses significant economic threat to viticulture, particularly in organic vineyards where natural insecticides show limited efficacy.
Eratoneura
Eratoneura is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Young in 1952. The genus contains at least 190 described species, placing it among the more species-rich genera within the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Members of this genus, like other leafhoppers, produce brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies for waterproofing and anti-reflective protection. Eratoneura fulleri has been specifically documented depositing brochosome clusters on wing edges for redistribution or repair of its protective coating.
Eratoneura abjecta
Eratoneura abjecta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1931. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses the distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been documented in New Hampshire. Like other typhlocybine leafhoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant vascular tissues.
Eratoneura acantha
Eratoneura acantha is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ross and DeLong in 1950. Like other members of its genus, it possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species is recorded from Maryland and New Hampshire in the northeastern United States.
Eratoneura accola
Eratoneura accola is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by McAtee in 1920. Originally described as a variety of Erythroneura maculata, it was later elevated to species status and transferred to the genus Eratoneura. The species is documented from limited collection records in the northeastern United States. As with other members of the Typhlocybinae, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Eratoneura adunca
Eratoneura adunca is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was first described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it produces and coats itself in brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton and wings.
Eratoneura affinis
Eratoneura affinis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Fitch in 1851. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a diverse group of small leafhoppers often associated with woody plants. The species has been recorded across parts of North America including the northern United States and southern Canada.
Eratoneura ardens
Eratoneura ardens is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1920. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group of small leafhoppers known for their association with plant feeding and distinctive wing venation patterns. The species is recorded from several eastern and central U.S. states.
Eratoneura basilaris
Eratoneura basilaris is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1825. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini. Leafhoppers in this family are small, plant-feeding insects characterized by their distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties.
Eratoneura beeri
Eratoneura beeri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Hepner in 1972. Specific ecological details for E. beeri remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Eratoneura bella
Eratoneura bella is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1920. As a member of the Typhlocybinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for their specialized mouthparts and, in many species, production of brochosomes—nanoparticles that create water-repellent and anti-reflective coatings. The genus Eratoneura is part of the diverse Erythroneurini tribe, which contains numerous Nearctic leafhopper species.
Eratoneura bifida
Eratoneura bifida is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1931. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticle secretions that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented in the United States, with iNaturalist observations primarily from the eastern and central regions.
Eratoneura bigemina
Eratoneura bigemina is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1920. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it is expected to possess brochosomes—specialized nanoparticles that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been recorded from several eastern U.S. states including Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, and Virginia.
Eratoneura carmini
Eratoneura carmini is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that provide a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded across multiple North American regions including the southwestern United States and parts of Canada.
Eratoneura certa
Eratoneura certa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses brochosomes—unique nanoparticles produced by leafhoppers that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the cuticle and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1932 and has been recorded from Maryland, New Hampshire, and Ontario.
Eratoneura comoides
Eratoneura comoides is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other leafhoppers in its genus, it possesses brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the cuticle. The species was described by Ross and DeLong in 1953. It belongs to a diverse genus of small, often colorful leafhoppers associated with vegetation.
Eratoneura emquu
Eratoneura emquu is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Ross and DeLong in 1953. Like other members of its genus, it is a small plant-feeding insect that produces brochosomes—unique nanoparticles that coat its body surface. The species has been documented in several eastern U.S. states including Florida, Maine, Mississippi, and New Hampshire. Very few direct observations of this species have been recorded.
Eratoneura externa
Eratoneura externa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. The genus Eratoneura belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini, a group of small, often colorful leafhoppers commonly known as sharpshooters or leafhoppers. Like other members of the genus, E. externa is likely a phloem-feeding insect associated with woody plants. The species was described by Beamer in 1931. Very few specific details about this particular species are documented in the available literature.
Eratoneura forfex
A small leafhopper species in the subfamily Typhlocybinae. As a member of genus Eratoneura, it likely produces brochosomes—protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Beamer in 1932.
Eratoneura gillettei
Eratoneura gillettei is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it is a small, plant-feeding insect that produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat its body and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1931. Very few observations of this species have been documented.
Eratoneura hartii
Red Apple Leafhopper
Eratoneura hartii is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, commonly known as the Red Apple Leafhopper. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been recorded in the eastern and midwestern United States. As a typhlocybine leafhopper, it is presumed to feed on plant vascular tissues, though specific host associations for this species are not well documented.
Eratoneura hymac
Eratoneura hymac is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Robinson in 1924. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it is a small plant-feeding insect that produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body for waterproofing and anti-reflective protection. The species has been documented in research on brochosome distribution and wettability properties.
Eratoneura hymettana
Eratoneura hymettana is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Knull in 1949. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it shares the characteristic brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties—found throughout the family. The species belongs to a genus of small, often colorful leafhoppers that feed on plant vascular tissues.
Eratoneura igella
Eratoneura igella is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Ross & DeLong in 1950. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that render their bodies superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is documented from Maryland and New Hampshire, with limited observational records available.
Eratoneura imbricariae
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. As with other Eratoneura species, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the cuticle using comb-like spines on the hind legs. These brochosomes confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded in Illinois.
Eratoneura inepta
Eratoneura inepta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a hydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented in research on brochosome distribution and wing wettability.
Eratoneura lenta
Eratoneura lenta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1932. As a typhlocybine leafhopper, it belongs to a group known for small size and association with vascular plants.
Eratoneura ligata
Eratoneura ligata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1920. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been documented in northeastern North America with observations from the District of Columbia, New Hampshire, Ohio, Québec, and Vermont.
Eratoneura lunata
Eratoneura lunata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the body and provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by McAtee in 1924 and has been recorded in eastern North America.
Eratoneura lundi
Eratoneura lundi is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Hepner in 1967. It belongs to a genus known for producing brochosomes—unique nanoparticle coatings that make leafhopper exoskeletons superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species has been recorded in the eastern United States, specifically in New Hampshire and Tennessee.
Eratoneura lusoria
Eratoneura lusoria is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. These microscopic structures are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the cuticle using comb-like spines on the hind legs. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1924.
Eratoneura macra
Sandy Stream Leafhopper
Eratoneura macra is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1932. It belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini within the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other leafhoppers in the genus Eratoneura, this species produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the exoskeleton. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
Eratoneura manus
Eratoneura manus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1932. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it shares the characteristic brochosome-producing capabilities common to this group. The species has been recorded in the northeastern United States, specifically New Hampshire and New York. Like other Eratoneura species, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap.
Eratoneura marilandicae
Eratoneura marilandicae is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ross in 1957. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies and wings. The species has been documented in Maryland and New Hampshire. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it likely exhibits the characteristic superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties conferred by brochosome coatings.
Eratoneura micheneri
Eratoneura micheneri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body and wings, creating a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species has been documented in 55 iNaturalist observations. Brochosomes are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like spines on the hind legs.
Eratoneura mira
Eratoneura mira is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1932. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it is a small, plant-feeding insect. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States. Leafhoppers in this family are known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies for waterproofing and anti-reflective properties.
Eratoneura mirifica
Eratoneura mirifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It is one of many species within the genus Eratoneura, a group of small plant-feeding insects commonly known as leafhoppers. The species was described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton.