Seed-feeders
Guides
Cochylini
Cochylini is a tribe of tortrix moths (Tortricidae) containing approximately 1,000 described species in about 80 genera. Formerly classified as the subfamily Cochylinae, molecular research by Regier et al. (2012) suggests it may represent a monophyletic lineage within Euliini, warranting subtribe rank as Cochylina. The tribe has a global distribution with highest diversity in the Holarctic and Neotropical realms.
Euaresta
Euaresta is a genus of tephritid fruit flies comprising 15 species endemic to the Americas. The genus is specialized on host plants in the genera Ambrosia, Xanthium, and Dicoria (Asteraceae), where larvae develop in flowers and seeds. Several species have been introduced outside their native ranges as biological control agents for invasive weeds. The genus was established by Loew in 1873.
Grapholitini
Grapholitine moths, Leafroller moth tribe
Grapholitini is a tribe of tortricid moths comprising approximately 1200 described species. The tribe contains numerous economically significant agricultural pests that damage fruits and seeds. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have resolved the tribe into two major lineages—a Dichrorampha clade and a Cydia clade—with the genus Grapholita found to be polyphyletic. The tribe likely originated in the Nearctic, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions during the middle Eocene (ca. 44.3 Ma).
Jadera
soapberry bugs, red-shouldered bugs, golden rain tree bugs
Jadera is a genus of scentless plant bugs in the family Rhopalidae, commonly known as soapberry bugs or red-shouldered bugs. The genus comprises 19 species restricted to the Americas, ranging from southern Canada through Argentina. Members are specialized seed-feeders on plants in the family Sapindaceae, particularly balloon vines (Cardiospermum) and golden rain trees (Koelreuteria). Jadera haematoloma is the most extensively studied species, serving as a classic model for rapid evolutionary adaptation to invasive host plants.
Stiriinae
owlet moths
Stiriinae is a subfamily of owlet moths (Noctuidae) comprising approximately 160 described species across more than 20 genera. The group underwent significant taxonomic revision in 2019–2021 based on phylogenetic research, with the former tribe Stiriini elevated to subfamily status and internal classification reorganized into two tribes: Stiriini and Annaphilini. The subfamily exhibits exceptional host plant specialization, with many species feeding on a single Asteraceae species.