Internal-feeders
Guides
Cosmopteriginae
Cosmopteriginae is a subfamily of small moths within the family Cosmopterigidae. Members are characterized by narrow wings and minute size. Larvae of many species are internal feeders on plant tissues. The subfamily is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific regions.
Grapholitini
Grapholitine moths, Leafroller moth tribe
Grapholitini is a tribe of tortricid moths comprising approximately 1200 described species. The tribe contains numerous economically significant agricultural pests that damage fruits and seeds. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have resolved the tribe into two major lineages—a Dichrorampha clade and a Cydia clade—with the genus Grapholita found to be polyphyletic. The tribe likely originated in the Nearctic, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions during the middle Eocene (ca. 44.3 Ma).
Pterophorinae
plume moths
Pterophorinae is a subfamily of plume moths (family Pterophoridae) containing over 500 species across seven tribes. Members are characterized by wings divided into feathery plumes, a distinctive trait within Lepidoptera. The subfamily has a cosmopolitan distribution with highest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions. Many species are associated with specific host plants, with larvae feeding on various angiosperms.