Orthosiini
Guenée, 1837
Genus Guides
9- Acerra
- Achatia(Quaker moths)
- Crocigrapha
- Egira
- Kocakina(Intractable quaker moth (for sole species K. fidelis))
- Morrisonia(Fluid Arches)
- Orthosia(early spring millers)
- Perigonica
- Stretchia
Orthosiini is a mid-sized tribe of noctuid erected by Achille Guenée in 1837. The tribe was previously classified within the Hadeninae but has been moved to Noctuinae. It is primarily distributed in the temperate Palaearctic region and contains approximately 20 including the well-known Orthosia, Lacinipolia, and Egira. Some members exhibit unusual , with active during late winter at low temperatures.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Orthosiini: /ɔrˌθoʊˈsaɪ.ɪˌnaɪ/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Identification
Members of Orthosiini can be distinguished from related noctuine tribes by a combination of genitalic characters and, in some , reduced mouthparts. The genus Shoudus has been characterized by small body size, uniformly colored wings, broadly bipectinate male with long rami, complete absence of , and simplified male genitalia with inflated vesica. However, no single diagnostic external feature applies to the entire tribe.
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Habitat
Primarily temperate forest . The tribe occurs in northern deciduous and mixed forests, with some adapted to bark, leaf litter, and exposed soil substrates. Specific associations vary considerably among constituent .
Distribution
Primarily distributed in the temperate Palaearctic region. Records extend across northern Eurasia and North America. The newly described Shoudus is currently known only from Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Beijing, China.
Seasonality
of most are active in spring, with some exhibiting atypical late-winter activity. The genus Shoudus has been observed flying during daytime in late February at low temperatures.
Life Cycle
(one per year) is typical for the tribe. Larval stages and plant relationships vary among and are not well documented for many .
Behavior
Some members exhibit activity atypically for noctuid . of Shoudus have been observed flying during daytime in late winter and are subject to by Marsh Tits (Poecile palustris), which remove and wings from captured individuals.
Ecological Role
Provides nutritional resources for insectivorous birds during food-limited periods. Late-winter benefits breeding success of resident and migratory birds in northern temperate forests.
Similar Taxa
More Details
Taxonomic History
The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1837 and was long classified within the Hadeninae. Modern phylogenetic studies based on molecular data (including COI sequences) support its placement within Noctuinae.
Notable Genera
Includes Orthosia (type ), Lacinipolia, Egira, Morrisonia, Stretchia, and the recently described Shoudus (2019). The genus Shoudus was discovered through observations of tit rather than conventional light-trapping methods.