Sex-pheromones
Guides
Cyclocephala
Masked Chafers
Cyclocephala is a large genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Dynastinae, commonly known as masked chafers. Adults are small brown beetles (10–15 mm) with a distinctive black facial mask across the eyes. The genus is endemic to the Americas, ranging from southeastern Canada to Argentina, India, and the West Indies. Adults are nocturnal or crepuscular and attracted to lights. Larvae develop in soil, feeding on organic matter and plant roots, and are significant pests of turfgrass.
Euproctis
tussock moths
Euproctis is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae, described by Jacob Hübner in 1819. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution across the Palearctic, African, Oriental, and Australian regions. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate the genus is paraphyletic, comprising numerous unrelated lineages that require taxonomic revision. Some species are significant agricultural and forest pests, including Euproctis pseudoconspersa (tea tussock moth) and Euproctis chrysorrhoea (brown-tail moth).
Hydatophylax argus
Argus Northern Caddisfly
Hydatophylax argus is a species of northern caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae. It was described by Harris in 1869 and is found in North America. The species is notable as the first member of its genus demonstrated to use sex pheromones for mate attraction.
Matsucoccidae
pine bast scales, pine needle scales
Matsucoccidae is a family of scale insects (Hemiptera) comprising over 40 described species in at least 2 genera. The family was historically classified within Margarodidae but was elevated to family status based on distinct morphological and biological characteristics. Members are specialized feeders on conifers in the genus Pinus, with several species serving as economically significant forest pests. The family exhibits complex life cycles involving winged males and sessile females, and produces sex pheromones that function as kairomones attracting diverse predatory insects.
Rhipicephalus
brown ticks, pepper ticks
Rhipicephalus is a genus of hard ticks (Ixodidae) comprising approximately 90 species, commonly known as brown ticks. The genus is cosmopolitan but most diverse in tropical Africa. Several species are significant vectors of human and animal pathogens, including agents causing East Coast fever, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and rickettsial diseases. The subgenus Boophilus, formerly treated as a separate genus, contains economically important cattle fever ticks. Identification is often difficult due to morphological similarity among species and intraspecific variation, particularly in females and immature stages.