Spilomelini
Guenée, 1854
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Spilomelini is a tribe of in the Crambidae, Spilomelinae, erected by Achille Guenée in 1854. The tribe currently comprises 17 containing approximately 135 described . Members are distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The tribe includes several economically significant agricultural pests, particularly in the genus Cnaphalocrocis.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Spilomelini: /ˌspaɪloʊˈmɛlɪnaɪ/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Identification
Spilomelini can be distinguished from other tribes within Spilomelinae by combinations of genitalic characters, wing venation patterns, and larval morphological features. generally exhibit the typical crambid resting posture with wings folded tent-like over the body. Specific diagnostic features vary by ; for example, Cnaphalocrocis display distinctive wing patterns with transverse lines and spots.
Images
Habitat
Tropical and subtropical forests, agricultural lands, grasslands, and wetland margins. Many occupy disturbed and cultivated areas.
Distribution
Pantropical distribution with extensions into subtropical regions. Present in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia. Individual show varying geographic ranges; for example, Cnaphalocrocis is predominantly Asian and Pacific.
Diet
Larvae of many feed on grasses (Poaceae) and other monocotyledonous plants. Some species are on herbaceous vegetation.
Host Associations
- Poaceae - larval food plantPrimary for many , including pest species
Life Cycle
Complete with , larva, pupa, and stages. Larvae are typically stem borers, leaf folders, or leaf miners depending on . occurs in silken cocoons on plants or in soil debris.
Behavior
are and attracted to light. Larvae exhibit diverse feeding strategies including leaf rolling, stem boring, and leaf mining. Some display jumping larval when disturbed.
Ecological Role
Larvae function as primary consumers of grasses and herbaceous plants. Some serve as prey for and other natural enemies. Pest species can reach high densities in agricultural systems.
Human Relevance
Several are significant agricultural pests. The rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) causes substantial damage to rice crops across Asia. Other species affect sugarcane, maize, and pasture grasses. Some species have been studied for potential.
Similar Taxa
- Other Spilomelinae tribesDistinguished by genitalic , wing venation, and larval characteristics; requires dissection or molecular analysis for definitive identification
More Details
Taxonomic history
The tribe was established by Guenée in 1854 and has undergone significant revision. Modern circumscription based on phylogenetic studies has clarified relationships among constituent .