Oeneis polixenes

Fabricius, 1775

Polixenes Arctic, Norique Alpin

Oeneis polixenes is a in the Satyrinae with a circumpolar distribution across northern North America and Eurasia. It is one of several 'Arctic' butterfly in the Oeneis, adapted to cold, high-latitude environments. The species exhibits considerable geographic variation, with multiple described across its range.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Oeneis polixenes: /ˈoʊ.niː.ɪs pəˈlɪk.səˌniːz/

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Identification

Distinguished from similar Arctic by the combination of dark grey-brown wings with orange marginal patches and the darker grey medial area on the hindwing upperside. Similar species include Oeneis rosovi (Philip's Arctic), Oeneis bore (White-veined Arctic), and Oeneis melissa (Melissa Arctic), which differ in wing pattern details and distribution.

Habitat

Northern tundra and taiga ; high mountain areas in southern parts of range. Associated with open, cold environments including alpine fell-fields and rocky summits.

Distribution

Circumpolar: northern North America from coastal Newfoundland to Yukon; Arctic Urals, Kamchatka, Yakutia, Chukchi Peninsula, and northern Siberia. In North America, occurs across northern Canada with disjunct in Maine (Mt. Katahdin).

Similar Taxa

More Details

Subspecies

Ten recognized, showing extensive geographic variation: O. p. polixenes (Labrador, Quebec), O. p. subhyalina (Arctic Canada), O. p. katahdin (Maine), O. p. peartiae (Baffin), O. p. yukonensis (southwestern Yukon), O. p. luteus (Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Alaska), O. p. woodi (Arctic coast of Yukon, Alaska), O. p. beringiana (eastern Chukot Region), O. p. antonovae (northern Siberia: Gyda Peninsula, Taimyr Peninsula, Wrangel Island)

Taxonomic Note

Some sources list Oeneis polixenes as a synonym of Oeneis bore, indicating taxonomic uncertainty or merger in some classifications. The is treated as valid in most North American literature.

Sources and further reading