Boloria chariclea montinus

(Scudder, 1863)

White Mountain Fritillary

The Mountain Fritillary is a critically imperiled to the alpine zone of the Presidential Range in New Hampshire's White Mountains. A glacial relict isolated for approximately 9,000 years, it represents one of the rarest in eastern North America. Systematic point-count surveys in 2012-2013 found highest in herbaceous-snowbank , though the more widespread heath-shrub-rush community likely supports the majority of . The subspecies is easily alarmed by human approach and exhibits variable detectability depending on weather conditions.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Boloria chariclea montinus: /boˈloː.ri.a kəˈrɪ.kli.ə mɒnˈtiː.nəs/

These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.

Identification

Distinguished from other Boloria chariclea by its restriction to the Mountains alpine zone. Within its range, separation from other alpine relies on combination of size, pattern, and specificity. The subspecies shows affinity for snowbank-associated vegetation at high elevations. Field identification requires confirmation of location within the restricted endemic range; specimens outside the Presidential Range alpine zone do not represent this subspecies.

Habitat

Alpine zone of the Presidential Range, Mountains, New Hampshire, USA, at elevations between 1250 m and 1850 m. Occupies three distinct alpine : herbaceous-snowbank (highest and ), heath-shrub-rush (lower density but more extensive area, likely supporting bulk of ), and cushion-tussock (used sparingly). Absent from subalpine forest including krummholz and birch-alder shrublands, sedge meadow, and fellfield.

Distribution

to approximately 1130 hectares of alpine in the Presidential Range of the Mountains, New Hampshire, USA. Glacial relict isolated for roughly 9000 years from retreating tundra populations. rates in systematic surveys: 41 of 96 points (42.7%) in 2012, 22 of 105 points (21%) in 2013.

Seasonality

season occurs in July. Surveys conducted during this period indicate this represents the primary activity window for the .

Diet

feed on nectar; abundance positively associated with number of within 20 m of survey points. Specific larval plants not documented in available sources.

Behavior

Easily alarmed by human approach; observers documented individuals being driven from count circles when approaching point centroids. Detectability varies significantly with weather conditions and among observers, indicating raw count data yield biased estimates.

Human Relevance

Subject of concern due to critically imperiled status and extreme range restriction. Serves as indicator of alpine integrity in the Mountains. Research of studies using point-count adapted from avian survey techniques.

Similar Taxa

Boloria charicleaParent ; other occur in and alpine regions but are geographically separated from the Mountain
Boloria seleneSilver-bordered fritillary, another Boloria found in grassland ; distinguished by pattern and habitat preference (lowland grasslands versus alpine zone)