Tachysphex similis
Rohwer, 1910
square-headed wasp
Tachysphex similis is a of square-headed wasp in the Crabronidae, first described by Rohwer in 1910. It is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the Tachysphex, it is a solitary that provisions its nest with paralyzed orthopteran prey.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Tachysphex similis: //ˌtækɪˈsfɛks ˈsɪmɪlɪs//
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Identification
Tachysphex are diminutive, averaging 6-10 millimeters in length. They are characterized by high-strung, rapid movement and quickness essential for catching prey. Females have a pointed (triangular plate on the last abdominal segment). Species-level identification within Tachysphex requires examination of obscure morphological characters including male genitalia and details of the pygidium.
Distribution
Central America and North America.
Behavior
Females excavate shallow burrows in sand or soil before hunting. They sting orthopterans (grasshoppers, katydids, crickets, , and mantids) into paralysis, flip the victim onto its back, grasp one in their jaws, and cradle the prey with at least one pair of legs. They transport prey by or overland to the nest. The burrow typically contains multiple ; one to eight or more victims are placed in each cell, with a single laid on the underside of the of the last prey item entered.
Ecological Role
As a solitary , Tachysphex similis functions as a of orthopteran nymphs and , potentially contributing to control of these insects. The itself serves as to various including satellite flies (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae), bee flies (Bombyliidae), velvet ants (Mutillidae), and cuckoo wasps (Chrysididae).
Similar Taxa
- Tachysphex (other species)Over 43 occur in North America; species-level identification requires microscopic examination of genitalia and pygidial structures.
- LirisAlso in tribe Larrini, but Liris has proportionately longer held parallel and straight from the , and is generally larger and more slowly moving than Tachysphex.
- TachytesTribe Larrini member with bright green and stockier build; rarely sits still.
More Details
Taxonomic Note
The specific epithet 'similis' indicates this was named for its resemblance to another species, though the original description by Rohwer (1910) does not specify the referent.