Grasshoppers, Crickets, Katydids

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Orthoptera: /ɔrˈθɒptərə/

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Images

Summary

Orthoptera is an order of insects that includes grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, and katydids, known for their jumping ability, sound production, and significant ecological and economic roles.

Physical Characteristics

Generally cylindrical body with elongated hindlegs adapted for jumping. Mandibulate mouthparts for biting and chewing, large compound eyes, and variable-length filiform antennae. Two pairs of wings, forewings narrower than hindwings, which are held fan-like under the forewings at rest. Ocelli may or may not be present depending on species.

Identification Tips

Orthopterans can be identified by their straight wings, jumping hind legs, and the presence of sound-producing structures. Many species exhibit green-brown polymorphism, changing color based on environmental conditions.

Habitat

Found in a variety of habitats including grasslands, forests, and agricultural fields, typically distributed in warmer climates except very cold regions.

Distribution

Worldwide distribution with over 20,000 species, primarily found in temperate and tropical regions.

Diet

Mostly herbivorous, feeding on grasses and other vegetation. During drought or high population density, they may consume crops such as soybeans.

Life Cycle

Orthopterans undergo a paurometabolous life cycle, characterized by incomplete metamorphosis with nymph stages resembling adults but without wings. Moults lead to the development of wings until reaching maturity.

Reproduction

In most species, mating involves the male mounting the female. Eggs are typically laid in the ground or on vegetation and hatch into nymphs that resemble adults.

Predators

Birds, small mammals, and certain insects such as spiders are known predators of Orthoptera.

Ecosystem Role

Contribute to the food web by serving as prey for various animals; also play a role in plant pollination and seed dispersal.

Economic Impact

Some species are considered agricultural pests while others serve as a food source for humans and animals. Grasshoppers and locusts can cause significant crop damage.

Cultural Significance

Orthopterans, particularly locusts, have historical significance related to agriculture and culture, including dietary laws in Judaism that classify certain locusts as kosher.

Collecting Methods

• Hand collection
• Net capture during early morning hours when less active

Preservation Methods

• Freezing
• Drying
• Alcohol preservation

Evolution

Orthoptera evolved around 300 million years ago, with distinct suborders splitting off approximately 256 million years ago.

Similar Taxa

• Thysanoptera (Thrips)
• Hemiptera (True Bugs)
• Phasmatodea (Stick Insects)

Misconceptions

Many people confuse grasshoppers with crickets despite clear distinctions in body morphology and behavior; also, not all Orthoptera are pests or harmful to crops.

Tags

• insects
• Orthoptera
• grasshoppers
• crickets
• katydids
• pests
• food source