Perilampus hyalinus

Say, 1829

A Nearctic in the Perilampidae, part of a historically confused under this name for over 100 years. Recent integrative taxonomic revision (2024) clarified its status through neotype designation with COI sequence, establishing it as either a hyperparasitoid of dipteran parasitoids of Orthoptera or a parasitoid of dipteran kleptoparasites of Crabronidae and Sphecidae that provision nests with Orthoptera. Distinguished from eight newly described congeneric through , COI, ITS2, and data.

Perilampus hyalinus by (c) Owen Strickland, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Owen Strickland. Used under a CC-BY license.

Chalcid Wasp - Perilampus hyalinus, Dragon Run State Forest, King and Queen County, Virginia, October 1, 2023 (53533516355) by Judy Gallagher. Used under a CC BY 2.0 license.

Perilampus hyalinus - inat 324658610 by {{{name}}}. Used under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Perilampus hyalinus: //ˌpɛrɪˈlæmpəs haɪˈeɪlɪnəs//

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Identification

Distinguished from congeneric in the P. hyalinus complex through integrative taxonomic analysis combining , COI and ITS2 , and association data. The neotype designation provides a molecular reference for accurate identification.

Images

Distribution

Nearctic region: recorded from Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas, British Columbia.

Host Associations

dipteran parasitoids of Orthoptera - hyperparasitoidprimary mode established via neotype
dipteran kleptoparasites of Crabronidae - provisioning nests with Orthoptera
dipteran kleptoparasites of Sphecidae - provisioning nests with Orthoptera

Life Cycle

larvae hatch from broadcast on vegetation and attach to moving . To avoid , larvae embed in internal organs (brain, cord ganglia, malpighian tubes, silk glands) rather than remaining in the haemocoel. Upon host development resumption, planidia emerge and feed as . Second instar larvae suspend feeding to search for and destroy competitor within the host.

Behavior

Female broadcasts large numbers of (up to 500) on leaves, buds, bark cracks, and lichens. larvae actively avoid immune by embedding in specific internal organs. Second instar larvae exhibit competitor-seeking , suspending feeding to locate and eliminate other larvae in the host. Does not exhibit hyperparasitism when other parasites are present.

Ecological Role

Hyperparasitoid or in involving Orthoptera, Crabronidae, and Sphecidae. Acts as agent for . Engages in intra- competition with other parasitoids, actively eliminating competitors.

Similar Taxa

Perilampus neodiprioniNewly described congeneric in the P. hyalinus complex; develops as both primary of Diprionidae and hyperparasitoid, strictly associated with Neodiprion
Perilampus monocteniNewly described congeneric in the P. hyalinus complex; develops as both primary of Diprionidae and hyperparasitoid, associated with Monoctenus
Perilampus sirsirisHyperparasitoid in the same complex, parasitizing hymenopteran and dipteran of Lepidoptera
Chrysididae (cuckoo wasps)Similar small size, metallic coloration, and occurrence around colonies; distinguished by oval or rounded without sharp corners, versus triangular or inverted pyramid-shaped abdomen in Perilampidae

More Details

Taxonomic history

Historically confused with a wide range of associations and differing modes of across what is now recognized as a ten-. The 2024 revision by Yoo & Darling resolved 100 years of confusion through neotype designation and integrative .

Encapsulation avoidance

In Neodiprion lecontei , 87% of recovered were embedded in the brain and cord ganglia, with remainder in malpighian tubes and silk glands. Planidia in the haemocoel were typically encapsulated and did not survive.