Cyrtinus

LeConte, 1852

Cyrtinus is a of minute longhorn (: Lamiinae) comprising approximately 30 described distributed across the Americas. The genus is notable for containing some of the smallest members of the , with of certain species measuring only 2–3 millimeters in length. Species occur in eastern North America, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. The species, Cyrtinus pygmaeus, is among the smallest North cerambycids and exhibits effective .

Cyrtinus pygmaeus by (c) Will Kuhn, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Will Kuhn. Used under a CC-BY license.

Cyrtinus pygmaeus by (c) skitterbug, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by skitterbug. Used under a CC-BY license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Cyrtinus: //sɪrˈtaɪ.nəs//

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Identification

are distinguished from other Lamiinae by their extremely small size (2–5 mm), compact body form, and frequent -mimetic appearance. Many possess humped with prominent or humps near the bases, creating the illusion of a narrow-waisted ant. The elytra often bear or of or pale . are relatively short for . The combination of small size, compact form, and ant-like appearance separates Cyrtinus from other North Lamiinae such as Leptostylus.

Images

Habitat

are associated with dead wood of hardwood trees. Cyrtinus pygmaeus has been reared from dead branches of river birch (Betula nigra), chinquapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii), willow oak (Quercus phellos), and black oak (Quercus velutina). are found on dead twigs and branches among .

Distribution

The occurs in the eastern United States (Cyrtinus pygmaeus), Jamaica (C. jamaicensis, C. granulifrons, C. sandersoni, C. farri), and extends through Central and South America with numerous described from Venezuela and elsewhere in the Neotropics.

Host Associations

Betula nigra - larval reared from dead branches
Quercus muhlenbergii - larval reared from dead branches
Quercus phellos - larval reared from dead branches
Quercus velutina - larval reared from dead branches

Life Cycle

develop within dead branches and twigs of hardwood trees. emerge from wood and have been observed in association with small such as Lasius americanus.

Behavior

of Cyrtinus pygmaeus move slowly and clumsily, resembling the movement of small rather than the rapid, frenetic movement typical of most . This slow movement enhances their ant . When disturbed, they do not readily take but instead maintain their ant-like appearance.

Ecological Role

As , contribute to wood decomposition by tunneling in dead branches. The -mimetic appearance of suggests a defensive against .

Similar Taxa

EudercesBoth are small, -mimicking , but Euderces are generally larger, more active runners, and possess different antennal and elytral proportions.
CyrtophorusSimilar -mimetic appearance with humped , but Cyrtophorus are larger and have distinct morphological differences in shape.
TilloclytusSmall -mimicking with similar preferences, but Tilloclytus have more elongated bodies and different elytral markings.
LeptostylusBoth are Lamiinae associated with dead wood, but Leptostylus are substantially larger (typically 10–20 mm), lack , and have mottled bark-like coloration.