Truffle-pest
Guides
Heleomyzidae
Sun flies, Heleomyzid flies
Heleomyzidae is a family of small to medium-sized flies in the order Diptera, comprising over 740 described species in approximately 76 genera. The family is distributed worldwide, with the greatest diversity in the Holarctic region. Adults are frequently observed at lights in early spring and late fall. Larval ecology is diverse, with many species associated with decaying organic matter, fungi, carrion, or bird nests.
Leiodes
round fungus beetles
Leiodes is a genus of small, rounded beetles in the family Leiodidae, comprising at least 110 described species with a primarily Holarctic distribution. Most species are subterranean mycophages, with several species acting as economically significant pests of truffle orchards. The genus exhibits specialized morphological and behavioral adaptations for life in ephemeral and solid fungi, including unique larval structures such as pseudomycangia.
Ochodaeidae
Sand-loving Scarab Beetles
Ochodaeidae is a small family of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) commonly known as sand-loving scarab beetles. The family is distributed globally and contains two subfamilies: Chaetocanthinae and Ochodaeinae. Members are distinguished by crenulated or serrated mesotibial spurs. The biology and habits of most species remain poorly known, with many collected in sandy areas at night.