Mining-impact
Guides
Hubbardiidae
hubbardiid shorttailed whipscorpion, hubbardiid short-tailed whipscorpion
Hubbardiidae is the larger of the two extant families in the arachnid order Schizomida, comprising approximately 356 species in 69 genera. Members are superficially spider-like but distinguished by a short, segmented flagellum (tail-like structure) and divided into two subfamilies: Hubbardiinae and Megaschizominae. The family exhibits worldwide distribution with notable diversity in tropical and subtropical regions, including significant cave-adapted and subterranean faunas.
Philosciidae
Philosciid Woodlice
Philosciidae is a family of terrestrial isopod crustaceans commonly known as woodlice. The family exhibits a cosmopolitan distribution with strong representation in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in the Americas, Africa, and Oceania. Species diversity is highest in the Neotropics, with numerous genera and species described from Brazil alone. Several species have adapted to cave environments (troglobitic), including notable examples in the genera Benthana and Benthanoides from iron-ore caves in the Amazon biome. The family is less diverse in the Holarctic realm, where only a few species occur.