Hypopygium
Guides
Parachaetocladius
non-biting midges
Parachaetocladius is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the family Chironomidae, established by Wolfgang Wülker in 1959 and revised in 2020. The genus contains approximately 10 described species distributed across the Holarctic region, including both Palaearctic and Nearctic representatives. Species are typically associated with lotic freshwater habitats, particularly sandy substrates in springs and groundwater-fed streams. The genus is distinguished from related orthocladiine genera primarily through adult male genitalic characters, particularly features of the hypopygium.
Pristocera
Pristocera is a genus of chrysidoid wasps in the family Bethylidae, distributed across the Old World. Males are distinguished by a hypopygium split into two separate plates, while females possess petiolar flaps. The genus comprises numerous species, with documented diversity in Africa, Asia, and Papua New Guinea. At least one species, Pristocera rufa, is known to be a gregarious ectoparasitoid of weevil larvae.
Tanytarsus
non-biting midge
Tanytarsus is a large genus of non-biting midges comprising over 480 described species. The genus belongs to the tribe Tanytarsini within the subfamily Chironominae. Larvae occur in diverse freshwater habitats, with some species inhabiting marine environments. Species-level studies reveal complex life cycles with photoperiod and temperature as key determinants of seasonal patterns.