Female-polymorphism
Guides
Calopterygidae
broad-winged damselflies, demoiselles, jewelwings
Calopterygidae is a family of damselflies in the suborder Zygoptera, containing approximately 150 species. Members are relatively large for damselflies, with wingspans of 50–80 mm, and are characterized by broad wings with wide bases, metallic coloration, and a distinctive flight pattern described as jerky and fluttering. The family is distributed across all continents except Antarctica, primarily associated with running water habitats.
Eurytides philolaus
Dark Kite-Swallowtail, Dark Zebra Swallowtail
Eurytides philolaus is a swallowtail butterfly in the family Papilionidae, ranging from southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to northern South America. It is characterized by dark wings with reduced pale green markings compared to related species. Adults frequent low-lying areas near rivers, often gathering in groups on sandy banks. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism and female polymorphism, with one form resembling the male and a darker melanistic form.
Nehalennia irene
Sedge Sprite
Nehalennia irene, commonly known as the sedge sprite, is a small damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species exhibits female-limited color polymorphism, with two distinct female morphs: an androchrome morph that resembles males in coloration and pattern, and a gynochrome morph that is dissimilar to males. Research indicates complex behavioral interactions between these morphs and males, with differential patterns of attraction, harassment, and refusal displays. The species is found in North America, particularly in association with sedge-dominated wetlands.