Polites mardon

(Edwards, 1881)

Mardon skipper

Polites mardon, the Mardon , is a small in the to the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It inhabits grassland prairies, where it has been observed using native fescue grasses as sites. The is listed as endangered in Washington state and was petitioned for federal listing in 2002. efforts initiated by the Xerces Society have focused on protection and research into its ecological requirements.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Polites mardon: /pəˈlaɪtiːz ˈmɑːrdɒn/

These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.

Identification

Males are darker and smaller than females, providing a useful sexing character. Distinguished from the similar Sonora (Polites sonora) and woodland skipper (Ochlodes sylvanoides) by specific spot patterns and coloration details, though precise diagnostic characters require expert examination.

Appearance

A small , less than 25 mm in wingspan. The body is hairy and orange with dark orange accents on the upper surface. The lower surface is light orange with -yellowish rectangular spots. Males are darker and smaller than females.

Habitat

grassland prairies dominated by native grasses, particularly Roemer's fescue (Festuca roemeri) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Open grasslands with native vegetation serving as both plants and nectar sources.

Distribution

to the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States. Range extends from the Puget prairies and South Cascades of Washington, through southern Oregon, to northern California.

Diet

nectar from plants including early violet (Viola adunca), prairie lupine (Lupinus lepidus), Idaho blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchum idahoense), Penstemon , and Vicia species. Larval plants are native fescue grasses (Festuca roemeri, Festuca rubra).

Host Associations

Festuca roemeri - site grass
Festuca rubra - site grass
Viola adunca - nectar sourceearly violet
Lupinus lepidus - nectar sourceprairie lupine
Sisyrinchum idahoense - nectar sourceIdaho -eyed grass
Penstemon - nectar source-level association
Vicia - nectar source-level association, vetch

Life Cycle

Females oviposit on fescue grasses. Non-migratory with limited capability, especially during the larval stage.

Behavior

Non-migratory. Limited response to changes during larval stage due to restricted mobility.

Ecological Role

of prairie plants. Component of native grassland .

Human Relevance

Subject of concern and research. Listing petition submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2002 by Xerces Society; petition was rejected in 2012 due to recovery from conservation efforts. Listed as endangered in Washington state. Used as case study for proactive conservation action preceding federal listing.

Similar Taxa

Polites sonoraVery similar attributes; requires expert examination to distinguish
Ochlodes sylvanoidesSimilar appearance; woodland with overlapping range

More Details

Conservation history

The Xerces Society submitted a petition for federal listing in 2002. Rather than await listing, the organization conducted research on the ' , published findings, and collaborated with forestry services on protection measures. The petition was ultimately rejected in 2012 due to documented recovery from these proactive efforts.

Research significance

Mardon was the subject of a master's thesis by Erica Henry at Washington State University (2009) on site selection, representing foundational research for restoration and reintroduction efforts.