Automeris zephyria

Distinguished from other Automeris species by geographic range and subtle wing pattern differences. The eyespot configuration and forewing coloration separate it from related species such as Automeris io, which has more contrasting purple-pink hindwing patches. Accurate identification typically requires examination of genitalia or reference to geographic occurrence. The two recognized subspecies—A. z. zephyria and A. z. zephyriata—differ in distribution and minor pattern elements.

Adults display the characteristic Automeris morphology with broad, rounded wings and feathery antennae (especially pronounced in males). The forewings are typically brownish with variable patterning, while the hindwings bear prominent eyespots—circular markings with concentric rings of color that resemble vertebrate eyes. The body is robust and densely hairy. Larvae are expected to be green with branched, urticating (stinging) spines typical of the genus, though specific larval descriptions for this species are not documented in available sources.

Associated with woodland and forest edge habitats, particularly in areas supporting suitable host plants for larval development. Based on collection records, occurs in pinyon-juniper woodland and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.

North America, with records from the southwestern United States including New Mexico. The subspecies A. z. zephyriata occurs in more western portions of the range. Specific distribution details are incompletely documented, but the species appears to be centered in the southwestern U.S. and adjacent Mexico.

Adults have been observed at light in June. Adult flight period likely extends through summer months, with exact timing varying by elevation and latitude.

Complete metamorphosis with egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Larvae feed on host plant foliage; pupation occurs in a silken cocoon, typically attached to vegetation or fallen leaves. Adults emerge and do not feed, living only to reproduce.

Adults are attracted to light at night. When disturbed, adults display the eyespots on their hindwings by suddenly opening the wings—a startle response directed at potential predators. Larvae are solitary feeders. Males use their feathery antennae to detect female sex pheromones.

Larvae function as herbivores, consuming foliage of host plants. Adults serve as prey for nocturnal predators including bats and owls; their eyespot displays represent an anti-predator adaptation. The species contributes to nutrient cycling through larval feeding and adult biomass transfer to predators.

Adults are occasionally collected by lepidopterists and moth enthusiasts. The species has no significant economic impact as a pest. Like other giant silkmoths, it may be encountered during blacklighting surveys and contributes to regional biodiversity documentation.

• Automeris ioOverlapping range and similar eyed silkmoth morphology; distinguished by more contrasting purple-pink hindwing coloration and different geographic distribution
• Other Automeris speciesShared genus characteristics including eyespots and general body plan; require detailed examination of wing patterns and genitalia for definitive separation

• Saturniidae
• giant silkmoth
• eyed silkmoth
• nocturnal
• light-attracted
• urticating larvae

• BugGuide
• Wikipedia
• GBIF taxonomy match
• iNaturalist taxon
• NCBI Taxonomy
• Catalogue of Life
• Geometridae | Beetles In The Bush
• The life history of Automeris zephyria (Saturnidae)