Aridelus

Marshall, 1887

Aridelus is a of in the Euphorinae, comprising approximately 40 described with distribution but greatest diversity in tropical regions. These wasps are solitary of , primarily targeting and of () and related . Several species have been investigated for potential against agricultural pests, particularly Nezara viridula.

Aridelus nigrithorax by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Aridelus: //ˌæˈrɪ.də.ləs//

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Identification

Members of Aridelus can be distinguished from other euphorine by their petiolated metasoma with a short , adapted for ovipositing into and of . Females typically have a distinct body shape with elongated metasoma. -level identification requires examination of morphological characters detailed in regional ; six species are recorded from Japan (A. dubius, A. egregius, A. elasmuchae, A. flavicans, A. rufotestaceus, A. rutilipoides).

Images

Distribution

, with highest diversity in tropical regions. Recorded from Japan (Hokkaidô, Honshû, Shikoku, Kyûshû), Russian Far East, Western Palaearctic region, China, Korea, Taiwan, Germany, Italy, United States, Madeira, New Zealand, and Malta.

Host Associations

Nezara viridula - primary preferred of A. rufotestaceus; all nymphal stages and accepted
Homoeocerus unipunctatus - A. flavicans reared from this alydid in Japan
Riptortus pedestris - A. flavicans reared from this alydid in Japan; represents newly recorded () for
Glaucias subpunctatus - A. rufotestaceus reared from this in Japan
Glaucias amyoti - A. rufotestaceus record
Euschistus servus - A. rufotestaceus record
Euschistus quadrator - A. rufotestaceus record
Chinavia hilaris - A. rufotestaceus record (as Acrosternum hilaris)
Piezodorus guildinii - A. rufotestaceus record
Halyomorpha halys - unsuitable observed by A. rufotestaceus but no successful development; and absent
Elasmucha putoni - A. elasmuchae record ()

Life Cycle

Solitary . Females lay into or of . Larval development occurs within the living host; occurs outside the host in . For A. rufotestaceus at 25°C, development from egg to adult averages 40–45.5 days depending on host stage, with shortest development time in third nymphs. Second instar nymphs yield highest cocoon and adult production despite longer development time. is thelytokous parthenogenetic (females only) in at least some .

Behavior

activity pattern observed in most ; A. dubius has been collected at night in light traps. Females use a short to pierce for deposition. At 25°C, A. rufotestaceus accepts all mobile host stages but shows optimal on second . Temperature of 28°C is detrimental to development. are affected by presence of flowering plants, which may influence their biology and field effectiveness.

Ecological Role

of , primarily () and related including , , , and . Natural rates in field conditions are low (<5% to 21.7%), though laboratory parasitism rates reach 85–95%. Potential agent for agricultural pest stink bugs.

Human Relevance

Investigated as agent against pests, particularly Nezara viridula () and related agricultural pests. Rearing methods have been developed for A. rufotestaceus, with recommendations for using second as at 25°C. Not suitable for control of Halyomorpha halys ( marmorated stink bug) due to failed development despite attempts.

Similar Taxa

Other Euphorinae generaAridelus distinguished by petiolated metasoma with short specifically adapted for ; other euphorines typically attack different host groups (e.g., , Heteroptera, or )
PeristenusBoth are euphorine attacking , but Peristenus are -larval of , whereas Aridelus attacks and of pentatomoid bugs