Bracon mellitor
Say, 1836
Bracon mellitor is a braconid specialized on weevils in the Anthonomus, particularly the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), a major cotton pest. It is native to North America, occurring from South Dakota and Texas eastward. The has been extensively studied for its potential in programs, with research spanning its developmental , relationships, oviposition , and responses to . Females are ectoparasitoids that attack host larvae and pupae, and the species exhibits associative learning in response to chemical cues.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Bracon mellitor: //ˈbreɪkɒn ˈmɛlɪtɔr//
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Images
Habitat
Associated with cotton fields and agricultural systems where weevils occur; also found in natural supporting Anthonomus in the eastern and central United States
Distribution
North America from South Dakota and Texas eastward; also recorded from Brazil (São Paulo) and Hawaii (introduced)
Host Associations
- Anthonomus grandis - primary boll weevil, major cotton pest
- Anthonomus grandis grandis - boll weevil
- Anthonomus grandis thurberiae - thurberia weevil
- Anthonomus eugenii - pepper weevil
- Anthonomus hunteri - hunter weevil
- Anthonomus musculus - musculus weevil
- Anthonomus tenebrosus - tenebrosus weevil
Life Cycle
to development occurs within or on the ; laboratory studies indicate development from egg to adult takes approximately 15.5 days when reared on boll weevil larvae at optimal temperatures. Sex ratio is approximately 45:55 (male:female). stages exhibit temperature-dependent developmental rates compatible with thermal response theory for poikilotherms.
Behavior
Females probe plant structures with their ovipositor when searching for . Exhibits associative learning: females can learn to respond to chemical cues (such as methyl parahydroxybenzoate) associated with hosts after exposure, though naive females reared from uncontaminated hosts do not respond to these cues initially.
Ecological Role
of Anthonomus weevils; functions as a agent of the boll weevil, historically one of the most destructive cotton pests in North America
Human Relevance
Studied extensively as a agent for cotton pest management. Research includes rearing on artificial diets, susceptibility to , and integration into programs. Vulnerable to microsporidian that infect its .
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- Catalogue of Life
- Braconidae | Beetles In The Bush
- Journal of Hymenoptera Research 64th issue | Blog
- Biology of Bracon mellitor, a Parasite of the Boll Weevil123
- Six New Hosts of Bracon mellitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a Review of Recorded Hosts
- A TEMPERATURE-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL FOR THE PARASITE BRACON MELLITOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE),
- Effect of Host Size on Adult Size and Sex Ratio of Bracon mellitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Toxicity of Azinphosmethyl and Chlordimeform to Parasitoid Bracon mellitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Lethal and Reproductive Effects
- Susceptibility of the ectoparasite, Bracon mellitor, to infection by microsporidan pathogens in its host, Anthonomus grandis
- Oviposition behaviour of Bracon mellitor , a parasitoid of the boll weevil ( Anthonomus grandis )
- Host/Plant Relationships Used by the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Parasite Bracon mellitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the Texas Rolling Plains
- In vitro rearing of Bracon mellitor and Catolaccus grandis with artificial diets devoid of insect components