Philolema
Cameron, 1908
Species Guides
1- Philolema latrodecti(widow spider parasitoid wasp)
Philolema is a of in the Eurytomidae. The genus includes that develop within the sacs of widow spiders (Latrodectus spp.), with Philolema latrodecti being the best-documented species. This species has been recorded as a agent of widow spiders in Hawaii and has established in French Polynesia, the Cook Islands, and Mexico following the spread of its spider .
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Philolema: //ˌfɪloʊˈliːmə//
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Habitat
Associated with occupied by widow spiders (Latrodectus spp.), particularly where spider sacs are present. Laboratory rearing has been documented.
Distribution
Documented from French Polynesia (Tahiti, Moorea), the Cook Islands, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Also present in Hawaii where it has been used for . Distribution appears to follow that of its widow spider .
Host Associations
- Latrodectus geometricus - of sacsbrown widow spider; found in 31% of sacs in Tahiti
- Latrodectus mactans - of sacssouthern black widow spider
- Latrodectus hesperus - of sacswestern black widow spider
Life Cycle
Develops within the sacs of widow spiders. Specific details of developmental stages are not documented in available sources.
Behavior
have been observed perching on widow spider sacs. The is not aggressive toward humans.
Ecological Role
Acts as a agent of widow spider by parasitizing their sacs. In Tahiti, it was found to infest 31% of brown widow spider egg sacs, suggesting potential to limit spider population growth.
Human Relevance
Used intentionally as a agent for widow spiders in Hawaii. Its presence in French Polynesia and the Cook Islands is viewed positively as a natural limiting factor on the brown widow spider . Not considered harmful to humans.
Similar Taxa
- Baeus latrodectiAlso a of widow spider sacs; belongs to Platygastridae rather than Eurytomidae
More Details
Biological control significance
Researchers in French Polynesia highlighted the concurrent establishment of Philolema latrodecti as 'good news' when documenting the brown widow spider's arrival, emphasizing its potential role in natural suppression.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- Philolema latrodecti Archives - Entomology Today
- Brown Widow Spider Reported for the First Time in Tahiti
- Widow Spider Parasitoids Philolema latrodecti (Fullaway) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Baeus latrodecti Dozier (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)
- First Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Philolema latrodecti1 Parasitizing an Egg Sac of the Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans2 in Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Establishment of the Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) and Infestation of its Egg Sacs by a Parasitoid,Philolema latrodecti(Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), in French Polynesia and the Cook Islands