Stem-miners
Guides
Melanagromyza
Melanagromyza is a genus of leaf-miner flies in the family Agromyzidae, established by Hendel in 1920. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution and contains numerous species, many of which are significant agricultural pests. Several species, particularly Melanagromyza sojae (soybean stem fly) and Melanagromyza obtusa (pigeon pea fly), cause substantial economic damage to legume crops through larval mining of stems, roots, and petioles. The genus has been the focus of biological control research, with multiple parasitoid wasp species identified as potential natural enemies.
Opostegidae
white eyecap moths, white eye-capped moths
A family of minute moths distinguished by exceptionally large eyecaps covering the compound eyes. The family comprises approximately 200 described species across two subfamilies (Oposteginae with 87 species, Opostegoidinae with 15 species), with highest diversity in the New World tropics where 83 species represent 42% of global diversity. Larval biology remains poorly documented, though stem-mining habits have been suggested for some species.