Reproductive-interference
Guides
Ectropis
Engrailed Moths
Ectropis is a genus of geometer moths (Geometridae) comprising approximately 100 species distributed primarily across paleotropical regions, Australia, and Asia. The genus includes several economically significant pests, notably E. obliqua and E. grisescens, which are sibling species known as tea loopers that damage tea production in China. These two species are morphologically similar but exhibit differences in geographical distribution, sex pheromone composition, and Wolbachia symbiont abundance. Only one species or species complex (E. bistortata/E. crepuscularia, the Engrailed/Small Engrailed) occurs in Europe. The genus has a complex taxonomic history with several invalid junior synonyms and homonyms.
Tetrix subulata
Slender Ground-hopper, Slender Groundhopper, Awl-shaped Pygmy Grasshopper, Slender Grouse Locust
Tetrix subulata is a small groundhopper (family Tetrigidae) with a Holarctic distribution spanning the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. The species exhibits striking polymorphism in both coloration and wing development, with long-winged (macropterous) and short-winged (brachypterous) morphs coexisting in populations. It is strongly associated with moist habitats, particularly wet meadows, riverbanks, and mudflats, where it feeds primarily on algae and mosses. The species has been extensively studied for its wing dimorphism, reproductive interference with congeners, and life-history trade-offs between flight capability and reproduction.