Haplogynae
Guides
Caponiidae
Bright Lungless Spiders
Caponiidae is a family of ecribellate haplogyne spiders distinguished by several unusual morphological traits. Members lack book lungs, instead respiring through tracheae. The posterior median spinnerets are anteriorly displaced, forming a transverse row with the anterior lateral spinnerets—a unique arrangement among spiders. Most species possess only two eyes, though eye number varies remarkably within the family, with some species having four, six, or eight eyes; in certain species, eye number increases through ontogeny. The family comprises 21 genera and approximately 157 species, predominantly distributed in the Americas and Africa.
Physocyclus
cellar spiders
Physocyclus is a genus of cellar spiders (family Pholcidae) established by Eugène Louis Simon in 1893. The genus comprises 38 recognized species distributed across multiple continents, with the highest diversity in Mexico. Two distinct species groups are recognized: the globosus group (11 species) and the dugesi group (21 species), distinguished by morphological and biogeographic patterns. The type species, P. globosus, has been widely introduced globally through human activity.