Esenbeckia incisuralis
(Say, 1823)
green-eyed horse fly
Esenbeckia incisuralis is a of horse fly in the Tabanidae, Pangoniinae. It is notable for its striking emerald green , a feature that distinguishes it visually from many other horse flies. The species occurs in the southern United States and Mexico. It has been documented in Oklahoma and Arizona, where are active during summer months.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Esenbeckia incisuralis: /ɛsɛnˈbɛki.a ˌɪnsaɪˈsʊrəlɪs/
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Identification
The emerald green coloration is a distinctive feature mentioned in field observations. As a member of Pangoniinae, it can be distinguished from Tabaninae (the other major of horse flies) by morphological characters typical of that subfamily, though specific diagnostic features for this are not detailed in available sources. The green eyes separate it from many common horse fly species with differently colored or patterned eyes.
Appearance
Medium-sized horse fly with prominent, brilliant emerald green . Body coloration and other morphological details are not explicitly documented in available sources.
Habitat
Observed in native prairie with rocky exposures and mixed vegetation, including areas with prickly-pear cactus (Opuntia spp.) and post oak woodlands. Also documented in grassland and open woodland areas in the Wichita Mountains region.
Distribution
United States (Oklahoma, Arizona) and Mexico. Specific records from Oklahoma (Medicine Park, Wichita Mountains National Wildlife ) and Arizona (Wichita Mountains region).
Seasonality
active in June and July based on field observations. Summer activity pattern typical for temperate horse fly .
Behavior
have been observed visiting flowers, suggesting possible nectar-feeding . Females of related horse flies are known to be blood-feeders, but specific behavior for this is not documented.
Similar Taxa
- Other TabanidaeMany horse flies share general body plan but differ in coloration; E. incisuralis specifically noted for emerald green eyes versus the often striped or patterned eyes of Tabanus and related .
- Syrphidae (hover flies)Initial field misidentification as a hover fly was made due to similar appearance and flower-visiting ; distinguished by Diptera -level characters including wing venation and structure.
More Details
Taxonomic History
A , Esenbeckia incisuralis tinkhami Philip, 1954, was described from Mexico but is currently treated as a synonym of the nominate form.
Field Observation Notes
The was initially mistaken for a syrphid fly (hover fly) in the field due to its flower-visiting and general appearance, highlighting the importance of close examination for accurate identification.