Tabanomorpha
Tabanomorpha
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Diptera
- Infraorder: Tabanomorpha
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Tabanomorpha: /ˌtæbænəˈmɔrfə/
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Summary
Tabanomorpha is a small infraorder within Diptera, consisting of primarily Tabanidae and Rhagionidae, with a notable ecological role as both pollinators in their adult stage and predators in their larval stage.
Physical Characteristics
Typically have a convex face (below the antennae); antennae usually bear a stylus; tarsi with pulvilliform empodia; males nearly or fully holoptic; femurs flattened in females.
Identification Tips
Look for males with nearly or fully holoptic eyes, and females with a flattened cercus; note the pulvilliform empodia on tarsi.
Habitat
Terrestrial, aquatic, or semi-aquatic habitats for larvae; adults are often found in environments where nectar and blood sources are available.
Diet
Adults typically feed on nectar and pollen; many female Tabanidae engage in blood-feeding.
Life Cycle
Larvae have a retractable head capsule and a brush of setae beneath the fold of the integument; larvae are mostly predators.
Reproduction
Females blood-feed to acquire nutrients for egg development; reproductive details not extensively documented.
Ecosystem Role
Adults are pollinators while larvae function primarily as predators.
Economic Impact
Biting females can be a nuisance to livestock and humans; some species are known vectors of diseases.
Health Concerns
Certain species of Tabanidae can transmit pathogens while blood-feeding on hosts.
Evolution
Blood-feeding behavior has evolved multiple times within the group.
Similar Taxa
Misconceptions
Not all Tabanomorpha are blood-feeding; some primarily feed on nectar and pollen.
Tags
- Diptera
- Tabanomorpha
- ecology
- predators
- pollinators