Apenes parallela
(Dejean, 1825)
Apenes parallela is a of ground beetle in the Carabidae, distributed across the Caribbean and parts of North America. The species includes three recognized : A. p. inaguae, A. p. parallela, and A. p. sublaevis. It belongs to the Lebiinae within the diverse ground beetle family.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Apenes parallela: /əˈpiːniːz pəˈrælɛlə/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Distribution
Caribbean region including Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Lesser Antilles; also recorded from Mexico. GBIF distribution records confirm presence across these island systems and limited mainland North American localities.
Similar Taxa
- Cyclocephala parallelaDifferent (Scarabaeidae vs. Carabidae), but shares identical specific epithet; Cyclocephala parallela is a masked chafer whose larvae are turfgrass pests in Florida, whereas Apenes parallela is a ground beetle with no known turfgrass association
More Details
Subspecies
Three are recognized: Apenes parallela inaguae Darlington, 1953; Apenes parallela parallela (Dejean, 1825); and Apenes parallela sublaevis Darlington, 1934. The nominate subspecies was originally described by Dejean in 1825, with the other two described by Darlington in 1934 and 1953.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- Catalogue of Life
- UC Davis Scientist Spotlighted in 'Antenna' | Bug Squad
- Walter Leal: The Energizer Bunny at Full-Industrial Strength | Bug Squad
- Cyclocephala parallela Archives - Entomology Today
- JIPM Article on Masked Chafer Grubs in Turfgrass Explains Management Techniques