Brachinus medius
T.W. Harris, 1828
Medial Bombardier Beetle
Brachinus medius is a of bombardier in the . It is one of approximately 40 species in the Brachinus found in North America. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the remarkable defensive ability to discharge a hot, noxious chemical spray from the tip of its when threatened. The species occurs across much of North America including the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Brachinus medius: /brəˈkaɪnəs ˈmiːdiəs/
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Distribution
North America, including the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Distribution records indicate presence across the continent.
Behavior
Like other bombardier ( Brachinus), this exhibits a remarkable chemical defense mechanism. When threatened, it can discharge a hot, noxious spray from the tip of its . This spray is produced by the explosive reaction of two chemical precursors—hydroquinones and hydrogen peroxide—stored in separate and mixed in a reaction chamber with catalytic . The reaction generates temperatures near 100°C and produces benzoquinones, which are potent irritants to .
Similar Taxa
- Other Brachinus speciesApproximately 40 Brachinus occur in North America, distinguished primarily by subtle differences in elytral punctuation, body proportions, and male . Definitive identification typically requires examination of these characters.
- Pheropsophus speciesAnother of bombardier with similar chemical defense capabilities, but distinguished by different body proportions and elytral striation patterns.
More Details
Chemical defense evolution
The bombardier 's defensive mechanism has been extensively studied as an example of complex biochemical . The high-pressure spray can be directed accurately toward threats and may be discharged in rapid pulses.
Taxonomic note
Brachinus medius was described by Thaddeus William Harris in 1828. The Brachinus is classified in the Brachininae, a group defined by this distinctive defensive chemistry.