Spruce-forests

Guides

• Polygraphus

  four-eyed fir bark beetles, polygraphus bark beetles

  Polygraphus is a genus of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the tribe Polygraphini. Species in this genus are phloephagous, feeding on the inner bark of coniferous trees, particularly fir (Abies) and spruce (Picea). The genus includes both native and invasive species, with Polygraphus proximus being the most economically significant due to its invasive spread across Russia and mass mortality impacts on fir forests. Members exhibit monogynous mating systems and produce species-specific stridulatory signals.

  bark-beetleforest-pestinvasive-speciesconifer-specialistphloephagousmonogynousaggregation-pheromonestridulationfir-forestsspruce-forests

• Pronocera

  Pronocera is a genus of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae) established by Motschulsky in 1859. The genus contains three described species: Pronocera angusta, P. collaris, and P. sibirica. Pronocera angusta has been studied in detail for its morphology, phenology, and ecology in relation to Norway spruce forests. The genus belongs to the tribe Callidiini within the subfamily Cerambycinae.

  Cerambycidaelong-horned-beetlesspruce-forestswood-boring-beetlesboreal-faunaPicea-abiesCallidiiniEurasian-distribution