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• Apodemia mormo langei

  Lange's Metalmark, Lange's metalmark butterfly

  Apodemia mormo langei is a federally endangered subspecies of metalmark butterfly endemic to a single site in California's San Francisco Bay Area. The total wild population has declined from an estimated 131 individuals in 2008 to approximately 25–30 individuals by 2011. It is restricted to remnant sand dune habitat at Antioch Dunes, where it depends entirely on a specific larval host plant. The subspecies has been the subject of ongoing conservation controversy due to genetic research suggesting it may not be as evolutionarily distinct from other Apodemia mormo populations as previously assumed.

  endangered-speciesendemicCaliforniasingle-sitecaptive-breedingconservation-controversypollinatormetalmark-butterflysand-dune-habitatindustrial-pollution-impact