Silk-retreat
Guides
Cheiracanthium inclusum
black-footed yellow sac spider, American yellow sac spider, Agrarian Sac Spider
Cheiracanthium inclusum is a small, pale yellow spider native to the Americas, commonly known as the black-footed yellow sac spider or American yellow sac spider. It is an active nocturnal hunter that does not construct webs to capture prey, instead relying on speed and agility to pursue arthropods. The species builds small silk retreats during daylight hours and is frequently encountered both in natural vegetation and human dwellings. Despite historical misconceptions, its bite produces only localized symptoms without necrosis.
Ecnomidae
Tubecase Netspinning Caddisflies
Ecnomidae is a family of caddisflies (Trichoptera) comprising approximately 375–400 described species across 9 genera. The family exhibits a characteristic Gondwanan distribution pattern, with all genera restricted to the Southern Hemisphere except Ecnomus, which is also widespread in the Palearctic and Oriental regions. Larvae are aquatic and construct fixed silk retreats on submerged surfaces. The family's taxonomy has been historically unstable, having been classified as a subfamily of both Hydropsychidae and Psychomiidae before recognition as a monophyletic family closely related to Polycentropodidae.