Sexual-asexual-alternation

Guides

• Philonix fulvicollis

  Philonix fulvicollis is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae, first described by Fitch in 1859. It has an alternation of sexual and asexual generations, a phenomenon confirmed through molecular analysis of cytb and ITS2 sequences. The species is distributed across eastern and central North America, with records from the United States and Canada. Like other cynipid wasps, it induces gall formation on host plants, though specific host associations require further documentation.

  gall-waspcynipidalternation-of-generationscyclical-parthenogenesisNorth-AmericaHymenopteraCynipidaePhilonixinsectarthropodgall-formingsexual-asexual-alternationmolecular-confirmationcytbITS2Fitch-1859ManitobaOntarioQuebecNew-BrunswickAlbertaNew-YorkMichiganTennesseeIllinoisKansas