Fig-associated
Guides
Epichrysomallidae
Epichrysomallidae is a family of minute gall-forming wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Formerly classified as a subfamily of Pteromalidae, it was elevated to family rank based on molecular phylogenetic evidence showing closer relationships to other gall-forming chalcid wasps. Members are obligate associates of fig trees (Ficus), inducing galls in figs, on leaves, or on twigs. The family contains approximately 20 described genera distributed across tropical and subtropical regions.
Philotrypesis
Philotrypesis is a genus of parasitic wasps in the family Pteromalidae. These small chalcidoid wasps are primarily associated with fig trees (Ficus) as parasitoids of fig wasps. The genus has been recorded from multiple regions including Hawaii and Japan, with 266 observations documented on iNaturalist. Taxonomic placement has varied historically, with some sources formerly placing it in Agaonidae, though current consensus places it in Pteromalidae.
Sycophila
Sycophila is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Eurytomidae, comprising approximately 120 described species. Members of this genus have a cosmopolitan distribution and are primarily associated with figs and the galls of various insects, including gall wasps and gall midges. The genus is morphologically distinctive within Eurytomidae and plays roles as both plant-feeders and parasitoids of herbivorous insects.