Underwings

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Catocala: //kæˈtɒkələ//

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Images

Summary

Catocala is a genus of large moths known for their striking hindwings and cryptically colored forewings. These moths are predominantly nocturnal and are found in various regions across North America and Eurasia, often in deciduous forest habitats. The larvae primarily feed on tree leaves, and the adults are popular among collectors due to their beauty and diversity.

Physical Characteristics

Generally large, heavy-bodied erebids with a wingspan ranging from 20 to 98 mm; forewings are usually dull brownish or grayish with low-contrast patterns resembling tree bark, while hindwings are typically black with brightly-colored bands (orange, yellow, pink, red), though many species have all-black hindwings.

Identification Tips

The forewings conceal the brightly colored hindwings at rest. The differing patterns and colors on hindwings are significant for identification; cryptic coloration of forewings aids in camouflage.

Habitat

Forests, especially deciduous forests.

Distribution

Throughout North America and occurring in Eurasia; almost 30 species are native to Europe, with a few found in the northern Neotropics and Indomalaya.

Diet

Caterpillars feed predominantly on the foliage of deciduous trees, including hickory, oak, walnut, beech, birch, and chestnut, among others.

Life Cycle

Adults are nocturnal, becoming active shortly after dusk and sometimes having a second activity period around noon; larvae typically feed on leaves until they mature into adults.

Reproduction

Involves typical moth life cycles including egg laying by females; detailed reproductive strategies are not extensively documented.

Predators

Birds, including blue jays, and other small animals that may not recognize the moths' camouflage or bright hindwing display as a threat.

Ecosystem Role

Pollinators; the caterpillars serve as a food source for birds and other predators.

Economic Impact

Popular among collectors due to their large size, vivid hindwing colors, and variety of species.

Cultural Significance

Commonly known as underwings; names often reflect fanciful interpretations or are related to themes of marriage (e.g., The Bride, The Girlfriend).

Collecting Methods

• Moth trapping at lights
• Searching for resting adults on tree trunks during day

Preservation Methods

• Pinning specimens
• Using ethanol for larval samples

Evolution

The genus name Catocala is derived from Ancient Greek, meaning 'beautiful hindwings', indicating its distinctive coloration and evolutionary adaptations for mimicry.

Similar Taxa

• Anarta (Beautiful yellow underwing)
• Minucia (Brown underwing)
• Amphipyra (Copper underwing)
• Mormo (Black underwing)
• Orthosia (Blossom underwing)

Misconceptions

The common name 'underwings' implies that the hindwings are most visible, when in fact they are hidden beneath forewings until the moth is disturbed.

Tags

• moths
• underwings
• Catocala
• Erebidae
• Lepidoptera
• Noctuoidea