Catocalini
underwing moths
Genus Guides
2Catocalini is a tribe of within the Erebidae, most closely related to the tribe Audeini. Members of this tribe are commonly known as underwing moths due to a distinctive color pattern: cryptic, dark forewings that conceal brightly colored hindwings. This wing configuration serves as a defensive display against . The tribe contains numerous and is among the most -rich groups within Erebinae.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Catocalini: /ˌkætəˈkælaɪnaɪ/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Identification
Underwing in Catocalini are recognized by their contrasting wing pattern: forewings are usually dull gray, brown, or black with intricate bark- or leaf-like markings that provide camouflage at rest, while hindwings are often vivid orange, yellow, red, or white with bold black bands. When disturbed, the moths flash their hidden hindwings to startle . Forewing patterns frequently include fine, wavy transverse lines and a distinct spot. Body form is generally robust with broad wings held flat or tent-like over the body at rest.
Images
Behavior
are and frequently attracted to light. When resting on tree trunks or other surfaces, the cryptic forewings render individuals nearly invisible. If threatened, they rapidly expose the brightly colored hindwings in a flash display, then quickly conceal them again, potentially confusing or startling . This is a form of deimatic display.
Ecological Role
Larvae of many are believed to feed on woody plants, contributing to nutrient cycling in forest . serve as prey for bats, birds, and other , and their larvae may be parasitized by various and flies.
Human Relevance
Underwing are popular among lepidopterists due to their striking hindwing patterns and the challenge of locating specimens that blend remarkably with their surroundings. Some are occasional pests of ornamental trees and shrubs.
Similar Taxa
- AudeiniSister tribe within Erebinae; historically some now placed in Audeini were formerly classified within Catocalini, including Audea and related genera. Audeini generally lack the classic underwing flash-color pattern.
- ErebiniAnother tribe within Erebinae; members typically lack the concealed bright hindwing pattern characteristic of Catocalini, instead showing more uniform wing coloration.
More Details
Taxonomic History
Several including Artena, Audea, Crypsotidia, Hypotacha, and Mecodina were formerly placed in Catocalini but have been reassigned to other tribes, primarily Audeini, based on phylogenetic studies.
Diversity
The tribe is highly diverse with over 134,000 observations recorded on iNaturalist, indicating substantial and widespread distribution, though precise counts remain fluid due to ongoing taxonomic revision.