Nylanderia bourbonica
(Forel, 1886)
Robust Crazy Ant
Nylanderia bourbonica, commonly known as the Robust Crazy , is a widespread tramp ant native to tropical regions. It has been introduced to multiple continents including North America, where it is established in Florida and other subtropical areas. The species exhibits characteristic erratic, rapid movement patterns and forms large polygynous colonies. As a forager associated with human-modified environments, it can reach nuisance pest levels in urban settings.



Pronunciation
How to pronounce Nylanderia bourbonica: //nɪˈlændəriə bɔːrˈbuːnɪkə//
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Identification
of N. bourbonica are difficult to distinguish from other Nylanderia without careful morphological examination. Identification typically requires reference to established keys for introduced Nearctic Nylanderia. The species is part of a complex of morphologically similar tramp ants that includes N. fulva, N. flavipes, N. pubens, and N. steinheili, all introduced to the Nearctic region. Males may be required for definitive identification in some cases.
Images
Habitat
Urban and human-modified environments; associated with disturbed and tropical to subtropical climates. Strongly associated with human structures, transportation corridors, and developed landscapes.
Distribution
Native to tropical regions; introduced and established in the Nearctic region including Florida, the Caribbean, and Pacific islands. Global tramp present in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. GBIF records indicate presence in Cuba, with doubtful records for Belgium, France, and Great Britain.
Diet
forager; tends honeydew-producing insects.
Life Cycle
Complete with , larva, pupa, and stages. Colonies can become large with multiple queens (polygynous).
Behavior
Erratic, rapid movement characteristic of 'crazy ants'. Forms large colonies with multiple queens. Strong association with human structures and transportation networks facilitates spread.
Ecological Role
Nuisance pest in urban environments; may disrupt native through competitive displacement. As an tramp ant, it can reach high densities in disturbed .
Human Relevance
Nuisance pest in urban and suburban environments. Associated with human structures and capable of reaching pest-level . Specific economic impacts (e.g., electrical equipment damage documented in N. fulva) not confirmed for this in available sources.
Similar Taxa
- Nylanderia fulvaBoth are 'crazy ants' with erratic movement; N. fulva (tawny crazy ) is specifically noted for formic acid production and electrical equipment damage, traits not confirmed for N. bourbonica
- Nylanderia flavipesAnother introduced Nearctic Nylanderia with similar requiring careful identification
- Nylanderia pubensIntroduced Nearctic part of the same morphologically similar complex of tramp ants
- Nylanderia steinheiliIntroduced Nearctic with difficult to distinguish without proper identification keys
More Details
Taxonomic Note
Nylanderia bourbonica was previously classified under the Paratrechina, and this synonymy still appears in some databases (e.g., GBIF). Current places it in Nylanderia based on modern revisions.
Invasion History
Listed as one of at least five Nylanderia introduced to the Nearctic region, alongside N. flavipes, N. fulva, N. pubens, and N. steinheili.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- Nylanderia fulva Archives - Entomology Today
- How Ants Do Battle: Toxic Sprays, Thick Armor, Overwhelming Numbers, and More
- How One Entomologist Followed a Passion to Understand Insect Interactions
- Crazy Ant Populations Growing in Texas and Louisiana
- Jocelyn Holt, Ph.D. - Entomology Today
- Research News Archives - Page 153 of 155 - Entomology Today
- Robust Crazy Ant (suggested common name) Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)
- Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World, Part II: Nylanderia in the Nearctic