Toryminae
Walker, 1833
Toryminae is a of chalcid in the . Members are primarily , with documented associations including () and . The subfamily includes the tribe Microdontomerini, which contains such as Microdontomerus iridis, an of praying mantid . European species have been studied for larval and phylogenetic relationships.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Toryminae: //ˈtɔːrɪˌmaɪniː//
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Habitat
Varied; includes formed by on plants, and riparian where occur. Specific habitat associations depend on host requirements.
Distribution
Europe, Mediterranean region including Greece, Spain, and Turkey. Distribution patterns reflect availability rather than -wide geographic constraints.
Host Associations
- Cynipidae (gall wasps) - European develop as within
- Mantodea (praying mantids) - Specifically ; documented for Microdontomerus iridis on Iris oratoria and Ameles sp.
Life Cycle
- develop within structures. For -associated , development occurs inside galls. For -associated species, larvae develop as on within , with occurring on or removed from host eggs.
Behavior
lifestyle documented for some ; feed externally on while remaining within protective host structures.
Ecological Role
of other , contributing to of and potentially .
Similar Taxa
- Torymidae other subfamiliesToryminae distinguished by specific associations and larval ; other may have different host ranges or larval development modes
More Details
Taxonomic note
Microdontomerus iridis was transferred from Torymus to Microdontomerus as a new combination, with the first description of the male and designation of a , based on material from the Mediterranean region.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- Systematics, biology and distribution of Microdontomerus iridis (Picard, 1930), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Toryminae, Microdontomerini), a parasitoid of Mantodea oothecae
- Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)
- Figures 20–25 from: Janšta P, Delvare G, Krogmann L, Schütte K, Peters RS (2016) Systematics, biology and distribution of Microdontomerus iridis (Picard, 1930), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Toryminae, Microdontomerini), a parasitoid of Mantodea oothecae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7470
- Figures 11–19 from: Janšta P, Delvare G, Krogmann L, Schütte K, Peters RS (2016) Systematics, biology and distribution of Microdontomerus iridis (Picard, 1930), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Toryminae, Microdontomerini), a parasitoid of Mantodea oothecae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7470
- Figures 1–4 from: Janšta P, Delvare G, Krogmann L, Schütte K, Peters RS (2016) Systematics, biology and distribution of Microdontomerus iridis (Picard, 1930), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Toryminae, Microdontomerini), a parasitoid of Mantodea oothecae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7470
- Supplementary material 1 from: Janšta P, Delvare G, Krogmann L, Schütte K, Peters RS (2016) Systematics, biology and distribution of Microdontomerus iridis (Picard, 1930), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Toryminae, Microdontomerini), a parasitoid of Mantodea oothecae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7470
- Figures 5–10 from: Janšta P, Delvare G, Krogmann L, Schütte K, Peters RS (2016) Systematics, biology and distribution of Microdontomerus iridis (Picard, 1930), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Toryminae, Microdontomerini), a parasitoid of Mantodea oothecae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7470