Bibio longipes
Loew, 1864
Bibio longipes is a of march fly in the Bibionidae. It is found in both the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. Like other members of the Bibio, are typically active in spring and are known for forming large mating swarms. The species was described by Loew in 1864.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Bibio longipes: /ˈbɪbi.oʊ ˈlɒndʒɪˌpiːz/
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Identification
Members of the Bibio can be distinguished from similar flies by a pair of stout, downcurved spurs at the end of the tibia on the first leg. Males have large, spherical, that meet at the top of the , while females have proportionally smaller heads. Bibio longipes specifically is characterized by its long-legged appearance, as suggested by its epithet. range from approximately 6–12 mm in body length.
Images
Habitat
are found in open areas where males form swarms near the ground and low vegetation. Larvae develop in soil, particularly in rich soils containing decaying organic matter.
Distribution
Palearctic and Nearctic regions. Specific distribution records include Norway, Sweden, and Vermont (United States).
Seasonality
emerge in spring, with peak activity typically occurring in April and May in temperate regions. Mature larvae likely overwinter, pupating in early spring.
Diet
Larvae feed on decaying plant material in soil, and have been observed in manure, compost, and on roots of grasses and herbs. may feed on nectar.
Life Cycle
Females use the spurs on their forelegs to dig into soil several inches deep, where they deposit in masses of 200–300. Larval development occurs in the soil. Mature larvae probably overwinter, with occurring in early spring.
Behavior
Males gather in large swarms to attract females. Prolonged copulation and post-copulatory mate guarding by males has been observed in related Bibio .
Ecological Role
Larvae function as decomposers, breaking down decaying plant material in soils. Occasional feeding on roots may impact grasses and cereal crops.
Human Relevance
do not bite or sting. When abundant, march flies may create nuisance conditions. Related in the have been documented causing driving hazards when large numbers collide with vehicles.
Similar Taxa
- DilophusSimilar body form but possesses a ring of shorter teeth on forelegs instead of long spurs; typically smaller, less robust, and frequently reddish rather than black.
- Plecia nearcticaAlso in Bibionidae but distinguished by red and black body; known as 'lovebugs' for habit of flying in copula for extended periods.
More Details
Taxonomic history
The Bibio once contained 53 in North America north of Mexico, but several have been synonymized based on variable characters such as leg color and hair , reducing the count to approximately 37 species. Definitive identification often requires examination of male genitalia.