Xenox tigrinus
(De Geer, 1776)
Tiger Bee Fly
Xenox tigrinus, commonly known as the tiger bee fly, is a of bee fly in the Bombyliidae native to eastern North America. are notable for their distinctive wing pattern resembling tiger stripes, their -mimicking appearance, and their role as specialized of larvae. The species is frequently observed near wooden structures where its , the eastern carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica), nests.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Xenox tigrinus: //ˈziːnɒks tɪˈɡraɪnəs//
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Identification
The tiger bee fly can be distinguished from actual bees by having only one pair of wings (Diptera) versus two pairs in Hymenoptera. The distinctive black wing pattern with tiger-like striping is diagnostic for this . The large size and -like coloration may cause initial confusion with carpenter bees or bumble bees, but the wing venation and single pair of wings confirm it as a fly. The two white abdominal spots on a black body are additional identifying features.
Images
Appearance
measure 11–19 mm in length excluding wings and appendages. The body is predominantly black with two white spots on the . The transparent wings display a distinctive black pattern that resembles tiger stripes, giving the its . The overall coloration and size create a resemblance to large bees, an example of .
Habitat
Found in areas with wooden structures, fences, and buildings where carpenter bees construct nests. are commonly observed near wooden decks, siding, and eaves. The requires proximity to suitable nesting sites rather than specific vegetation types.
Distribution
Eastern United States and southern Ontario, Canada. The range corresponds closely with that of its primary , the eastern carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica).
Seasonality
are active during summer months when larvae are present in nests. Peak activity coincides with the nesting period of the .
Host Associations
- Xylocopa virginica - Primary ; larvae consume larvae
Life Cycle
Females deposit fertilized near entrances to nests rather than entering the tunnels. Upon hatching, fly larvae enter the nest and consume the carpenter bee larvae, sometimes waiting for the to enter the vulnerable pupal state before feeding. The is the most common of the eastern carpenter bee.
Behavior
exhibit mimicry as a defense against . Females demonstrate specialized oviposition , hovering near nest entrances to deposit without entering the tunnels. Adults are frequently observed resting on wooden surfaces near nest sites.
Ecological Role
Acts as a agent for . While parasitizing carpenter bee larvae, also function as through their flower-visiting activities.
Human Relevance
Commonly encountered near human dwellings due to association with nests in wooden structures. The does not bite or sting humans. Its presence indicates active carpenter bee nests, which may cause concern due to structural damage from the bees' burrowing activities. The fly itself does not contribute to structural damage.
Similar Taxa
- Bombylius major (Greater Bee Fly)Another large bee fly with similar -mimicking appearance, but lacks the distinctive tiger-striped wing pattern and has different associations with ground-nesting bees
- Xylocopa virginica (Eastern Carpenter Bee)Similar size and coloration, but has two pairs of wings, different wing venation, and is a true (Hymenoptera) rather than a fly